אַדֶּרֶת

אַדֶּרֶת

something ample (as a large vine, a wide dress)

Definition

The Hebrew noun אַדֶּרֶת (ʼaddereth) refers to a large, impressive, or stately garment, often a cloak or mantle. It can denote a luxurious robe of prestige, as seen with the 'goodly Babylonish garment' taken at Jericho (Joshua 7:21, 24). In prophetic contexts, it specifically signifies the official mantle of a prophet, a symbol of their office and authority, most famously with Elijah's mantle passed to Elisha (1 Kings 19:13, 19; 2 Kings 2:8, 13-14). Its earliest use describes Esau's unusual hairy skin at birth, metaphorically called an 'addereth' (Genesis 25:25), emphasizing something covering and distinctive.

Biblical Usage

אַדֶּרֶת is used 12 times in the Old Testament, primarily in narrative books. It describes a special garment, often one denoting status, wealth, or divine calling. In Joshua, it is a coveted spoil of war. In 1 & 2 Kings, it is exclusively the prophet's mantle, central to the narratives of Elijah and Elisha. The single use in Genesis is figurative, describing Esau's hairy appearance.

Etymology

Derived from the root א־ד־ר (ʼ-d-r), conveying majesty, grandeur, or nobility. It is the feminine form of the adjective אַדִּיר (H117, 'mighty, majestic'), implying 'a majestic thing.' It is also related to אֶדֶר (H145, 'a glory, a mantle'), sharing the core idea of a splendid covering.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it is intimately tied to the prophetic office. Elijah's אַדֶּרֶת is not mere clothing but a tangible symbol of God's authority delegated to his prophet. Its transfer to Elisha (2 Kings 2:13-14) represents the passing of prophetic calling and power, validated when Elisha uses it to part the Jordan. Understanding this enriches the narrative, showing the mantle as an instrument of divine commission and continuity in God's work. In ancient Near Eastern culture, a special outer garment or mantle could signify one's social role, authority, or wealth. A prophet's mantle was a recognizable badge of office, much like a royal robe signified kingship. The 'goodly Babylonish garment' in Joshua 7 reflects the high value and craftsmanship of foreign luxury items, making it a powerful temptation. שִׂמְלָה (simlah, H8071) — a general term for a garment or cloak. מְעִיל (meʻîyl, H4598) — a robe or tunic, often official (e.g., priestly robe). לְבוּשׁ (lᵉbûsh, H3830) — general term for clothing, apparel.

Word Details