Bible Word Study
עַדְנָה
ʻAdnâh · Adnah, the name of two Israelites
עַדְנָה
Adnah, the name of two Israelites
Definition
Adnah is a proper masculine name borne by two distinct Israelite men in the Old Testament. The first is Adnah, a commander from the tribe of Manasseh who defected to David's side at Ziklag, bringing thousands of warriors (1 Chronicles 12:20). The second is Adnah, a military commander under King Jehoshaphat of Judah, who commanded a large army of 300,000 men (2 Chronicles 17:14). In both instances, the name is associated with military leadership and loyalty within the context of Judah's monarchy.
Biblical Usage
The name Adnah is used exclusively for two individuals, both appearing in the historical books of Chronicles. Its usage is confined to military contexts. In 1 Chronicles 12:20, Adnah is a Manassite captain who joins David before he becomes king. In 2 Chronicles 17:14, Adnah is a commander in the organized army of King Jehoshaphat, illustrating the administrative structure of the kingdom. Both usages highlight figures of martial authority and allegiance.
Etymology
The name Adnah (עַדְנָה) derives from the Hebrew root עָדַן (ʿādan, H5727), which means 'to be soft,' 'pleasant,' or 'to delight.' It is related to the word for 'Eden' (עֵדֶן), the garden of delight. As a proper name, Adnah likely carries the meaning of 'pleasure' or 'delight,' a common thematic element in Hebrew personal names, which often express a positive attribute or hope.
Semantic Range
While the name itself is not theologically loaded, the characters who bear it contribute to significant biblical themes. Their presence underscores God's providence in building David's kingdom (1 Chronicles 12) and in strengthening the righteous reign of Jehoshaphat, who sought the Lord (2 Chronicles 17:3-4). Their roles as military leaders highlight the theme of God empowering human agents for leadership and defense within the covenant community. In ancient Israelite culture, names were often meaningful and descriptive. A name like Adnah ('pleasure') would have been given with positive intent, possibly reflecting parental joy or a hope for the child's character. Its association with two military commanders shows that names denoting delicacy or delight were not incompatible with roles of strength and leadership, reflecting a different cultural nuance than some modern assumptions. Eden (ʿĒden, H5730) — The garden of delight, sharing the same root for 'pleasure.' Naaman (Naʿămān, H5283) — Another name meaning 'pleasantness' or 'delightfulness.'
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (BDB, 1906, public domain). Concordance and morphology data are from the OSHB (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible).
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]