עָלַס

עָלַס

to leap for joy, i.e. exult, wave joyously

Definition

The Hebrew verb עָלַס (ʻâlaç) conveys the idea of joyful, exuberant movement, often translated as 'to leap for joy' or 'to exult.' In its three biblical occurrences, it describes a physical expression of delight or celebration. In Job 39:13, it refers to the flapping or joyful motion of an ostrich's wings, capturing a sense of energetic display. In a more metaphorical sense, it describes the wicked's fleeting, self-satisfied joy in Job 20:18, which is ultimately hollow. Finally, in Proverbs 7:18, it is used in a seductive context, inviting someone to indulge in pleasure, showing the word can apply to both pure and morally ambiguous expressions of delight.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used only three times in the Old Testament, exclusively in the poetic books of Job and Proverbs. Its usage spans different contexts: it describes animal behavior (Job 39:13), the temporary, ill-gotten joy of the wicked (Job 20:18), and an invitation to sensual pleasure (Proverbs 7:18). This pattern shows it is a poetic word for intense, often physical, joy or exultation, whether positive, judgmental, or tempting.

Etymology

As a primitive root, עָלַס (ʻâlaç) is not derived from another Hebrew word. It is related by meaning to other Semitic roots indicating joy or jumping. Its core meaning revolves around a lively, leaping motion associated with gladness, which then extended to the broader concept of exultation and taking pleasure in something.

Semantic Range

This word enriches the biblical portrayal of joy by emphasizing its physical, embodied nature. It shows that joy in the Hebrew worldview is not merely an internal feeling but can involve the whole person. Theologically, its use in Job 20:18 highlights the Bible's realism about the fleeting, deceptive nature of worldly pleasure contrasted with true, lasting joy found in God. Understanding this word adds depth to passages about celebration, warning, and the full human experience of delight. In ancient Israelite culture, joy was often expressed communally and physically through dance, song, and feasting. The concept of 'leaping for joy' in עָלַס fits this cultural pattern of embodied celebration. The reference to the ostrich's wings in Job 39:13 reflects keen observation of the natural world, using animal behavior to illustrate human concepts of exultation. שָׂמַח (śāmaḥ, H8055) — a more general and common term for rejoicing or being glad, without the specific connotation of leaping or physical exuberance. גִּיל (gîl, H1523) — to rejoice, spin, or circle with joy, often with a sense of shouting or ringing cries, sharing the physical dimension but with a different focal action.

Word Details