אַלְמָן

אַלְמָן

discarded (as a divorced person)

Definition

The Hebrew word אַלְמָן (ʼalmân) describes a state of being forsaken, discarded, or abandoned, specifically in the context of a broken relationship. It is used metaphorically in Jeremiah 51:5 to describe Israel and Judah as not being 'widowed' or 'forsaken' by God, despite their exile. The term carries a strong sense of bereavement and desolation, implying a loss of protection and covenant connection. While its single biblical occurrence is figurative, the underlying meaning points to a profound state of relational severance and isolation.

Biblical Usage

This word appears only once in the Old Testament, in Jeremiah 51:5. It is used in a prophetic oracle against Babylon, assuring Judah and Israel that they have not been utterly forsaken (אַלְמָן) by their God, even though their land is filled with guilt. The usage is metaphorical, applying the concept of being a discarded or forsaken person (like a divorced spouse) to the national condition of God's people.

Etymology

אַלְמָן is a prolonged form of the root אָלַם (ʼālam, H481), which means 'to be bound' or 'to be silent.' The derived sense for אַלְמָן relates to bereavement—being bound by grief or silenced by loss. It is linguarily connected to the more common word for 'widow,' אַלְמָנָה (ʼalmānâ), but with a specific nuance of being cast off or discarded, akin to a divorced person.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it touches on the covenant relationship between God and His people. In its sole use, it powerfully denies that God has finally abandoned Israel and Judah, affirming His enduring commitment despite their sin and punishment (Jeremiah 51:5). Understanding this Hebrew term enriches the reading of this prophecy by highlighting the depth of relational language—even in judgment, God rejects the permanent status of 'forsaken' for His people, a concept that resonates with later biblical themes of restoration and steadfast love. In its original cultural setting, to be described as אַלְמָן—a discarded or forsaken person—carried severe social and economic consequences, similar to being widowed or divorced. Such individuals were often vulnerable, lacking the protection and provision of a household. The prophet's use of this term would have evoked a strong emotional understanding of complete desolation and loss of status, making the subsequent denial of this state all the more powerful and comforting to the original audience. אַלְמָנָה (ʼalmānâ, H490) — The common term for 'widow,' focusing on loss through death. אַלְמָן emphasizes being forsaken or cast off, more akin to divorce.

Word Details