אֲרִאֵיל

אֲרִאֵיל

the altar of the temple

Definition

The Hebrew word אֲרִאֵיל (ʼăriʼêyl) refers specifically to the altar of burnt offering in Ezekiel's visionary temple, described in Ezekiel 43:15-16. In this context, it denotes the large, square, four-horned altar where sacrifices were made, standing as the central point of ritual worship. The term is used exclusively for this altar in Ezekiel's detailed architectural blueprint, distinguishing it from other altars (like the incense altar) and emphasizing its unique design and holy function.

Biblical Usage

This word appears only twice in the Old Testament, both in Ezekiel 43 (verses 15 and 16), within the prophet's vision of the restored temple. It is used in a precise architectural and cultic context to describe the measurements and features of the main altar for burnt offerings. The usage is highly specific, limited to this prophetic vision, and does not occur in historical or narrative books.

Etymology

The etymology is debated. It is likely an orthographical variation of הַרְאֵל (harʼēl, H2025), meaning 'mountain of God,' which poetically describes an altar's prominence. Alternatively, some scholars suggest a connection to אֲרִיאֵל (ʼărîʼēl, H739), meaning 'lion of God' or 'hearth of God,' possibly relating to the altar's fire. The term ultimately conveys a sense of divine majesty and holy elevation associated with the place of sacrifice.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it represents the restored center of atonement and worship in Ezekiel's eschatological temple vision. It points to God's enduring requirement for a holy meeting place where sacrifice is made, foreshadowing the ultimate sacrifice of Christ. Understanding this Hebrew term enriches reading by highlighting the continuity and fulfillment of altar theology from the Old Testament to the New Testament's teaching on Jesus as our altar and sacrifice (Hebrews 13:10). In its original setting, the altar was the most sacred site for Israelite sacrificial worship, where blood atonement was made. Ezekiel's detailed description, including the term אֲרִאֵיל, would have resonated with exiles familiar with temple rituals, offering hope for a restored, pure worship system under God's direct presence, contrasting with the defiled altar of the pre-exilic temple. מִזְבֵּחַ (mizbēaḥ, H4196) — the general Hebrew word for 'altar,' used for various altars throughout the Old Testament, whereas אֲרִאֵיל is a specific, visionary term.

Word Details