Bible Word Study
אֲרִידַי
ʼĂrîyday · Aridai, a son of Haman
אֲרִידַי
Aridai, a son of Haman
Definition
Aridai is a proper name of Persian origin, referring to one of the ten sons of Haman the Agagite, the primary antagonist in the book of Esther. He is listed among those executed when the Jews in Persia defended themselves against their enemies (Esther 9:9). The name itself carries no specific Hebrew meaning, as it is a foreign name transliterated into Hebrew. Its significance is entirely tied to its narrative role, marking one of the offspring of the man who plotted genocide against the Jewish people.
Biblical Usage
The word 'Aridai' is used only once in the entire Old Testament, in Esther 9:9. It appears in a list of the ten sons of Haman who were killed by the Jews in Susa on the 13th of Adar, the day appointed for their defense. The usage is purely genealogical and historical, serving to document the complete downfall of Haman's lineage as part of the story's resolution.
Etymology
The name is explicitly noted as being of Persian origin. It is a transliteration of an Old Persian name into Hebrew characters. As a proper noun from a foreign language, it has no Hebrew root or derivational meaning. Its inclusion reflects the Persian cultural setting of the book of Esther.
Semantic Range
While the name 'Aridai' itself is not theologically loaded, its context is profoundly significant. The execution of Haman's sons, including Aridai, represents the complete eradication of a genocidal threat and the divine justice and deliverance celebrated in the Feast of Purim. It underscores the theme from Deuteronomy 25:19 and 1 Samuel 15:2 about blotting out the memory of Amalek (Haman being an Agagite, descended from the Amalekite king Agag), showing God's faithfulness in protecting His people from annihilation. In the Persian context of the book of Esther, names like Aridai reflect the multicultural empire. The listing of all ten sons by name, and their execution, was a powerful cultural and legal statement of total defeat and the removal of a rival family's claim to power or revenge. In ancient Near Eastern thought, the elimination of a man's sons secured the finality of his downfall. There are no direct Hebrew synonyms for this proper name. Its narrative counterparts are the other nine sons of Haman listed in Esther 9:7-9, such as Parshandatha (H6577) and Parmashta (H6534).
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (BDB, 1906, public domain). Concordance and morphology data are from the OSHB (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible).
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]