בָּזָק

בָּזָק

a flash of lightning

Definition

בָּזָק (bâzâq) refers specifically to a flash or streak of lightning. In its sole biblical occurrence in Ezekiel 1:14, it describes the rapid, darting movement of the living creatures' appearance, which is compared to the speed and brilliance of a lightning flash. The word captures the visual phenomenon of a sudden, bright, and linear illumination in the sky during a storm. Unlike some broader terms for lightning, this noun emphasizes the singular, flashing motion itself.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the Old Testament, in Ezekiel 1:14. It appears in the context of Ezekiel's inaugural vision, where the movement of the four living creatures is described: 'And the living creatures darted to and fro, like the appearance of a flash of lightning (כְּמַרְאֵה הַבָּזָק).' Here, it functions as a vivid simile for supernatural speed and dazzling, unpredictable motion within a theophanic vision.

Etymology

Derived from an unused Hebrew root likely meaning 'to lighten' or 'to flash.' It is a primary noun for a lightning flash. Cognates in other Semitic languages, such as Arabic and Aramaic, also carry meanings related to lightning or shining, confirming its core association with brilliant, sudden light.

Semantic Range

Though used only once, בָּזָק is theologically significant as it contributes to the overwhelming and majestic depiction of God's glory in Ezekiel's vision. The comparison of celestial beings to a lightning flash underscores the dynamic power, uncontainable energy, and terrifying speed associated with the divine presence. Understanding this specific Hebrew term enriches the reading of Ezekiel 1 by highlighting the precise imagery of supernatural movement that is both awe-inspiring and beyond human control. In the ancient Near Eastern world, lightning was universally perceived as a powerful and fearsome manifestation of divine power, often associated with storm deities. For Israel, lightning was a signature element of theophanies (appearances of God), as seen with God's descent on Mount Sinai (Exodus 19:16). The simile in Ezekiel taps into this shared cultural understanding of lightning as a direct display of supernatural force. בָּרָק (bārāq, H1300) — A more common general term for lightning, often associated with God's voice or judgment (e.g., Psalm 144:6). חֲזִיז (ḥăzîz, H2385) — Refers to a bright, flashing cloud or lightning flash, used poetically (e.g., Job 28:26).

Word Details