אֶשְׁפָּר

אֶשְׁפָּר

a measured portion

Definition

A measured portion or ration, specifically a share of food distributed to participants in a communal celebration. In its two biblical occurrences, it refers to a portion of meat given to the people by King David during religious festivities. The word emphasizes a deliberate, equitable distribution rather than a random or unmeasured amount. It conveys the idea of a designated share from a larger whole, ensuring that all receive a part.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the Old Testament, both in parallel historical accounts of David bringing the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem. In 2 Samuel 6:19 and 1 Chronicles 16:3, David distributes to all the assembled people, both men and women, an 'eshpar'—specifically described as a loaf of bread, a portion of meat, and a cake of raisins. The usage is consistently in the context of a royal, celebratory feast following a major religious event.

Etymology

Of uncertain derivation. Some scholars suggest a possible connection to an Akkadian cognate meaning 'measured ration' or 'allowance,' which aligns with its biblical usage. Its rarity in Hebrew makes precise etymology difficult, but the context strongly supports the idea of a measured or apportioned share.

Semantic Range

This word, while not central to major doctrines, enriches our understanding of worship and community in ancient Israel. David's distribution of a measured portion to every person—men and women alike—after the ark's arrival (2 Samuel 6:19) illustrates the king's role in ensuring communal participation and blessing in a religious celebration. It reflects a theology of inclusive provision and joy in God's presence, where the entire community shares equally in the fruits of a national spiritual milestone. In the ancient Near East, the distribution of food by a ruler was a significant act of patronage and celebration, reinforcing social bonds and the king's benevolence. The 'eshpar' was not a casual snack but a formal, measured portion from the royal provisions, signifying inclusion in the official festivities. This practice differs from modern potlucks or buffets, as it was a top-down, ceremonial act of giving that underscored unity and shared joy under God's blessing. חֵלֶק (cheleq, H2506) — a general term for 'portion' or 'share,' often of land or inheritance, less specific to food distribution. מָנָה (manah, H4490) — a 'portion' or 'allotment,' frequently used for daily food rations or assigned tasks.

Word Details