Bible Word Study
הָתֹל
hâthôl · a derision
הָתֹל
a derision
Definition
The Hebrew noun הָתֹל (hâthôl) refers to a 'derision' or 'mocker'—someone who treats others with scornful ridicule. It describes a person who engages in mocking behavior, often with an intent to belittle or provoke. In its sole biblical occurrence in Job 17:2, it characterizes the antagonistic figures who surround and taunt Job in his suffering. The word conveys a sense of active, contemptuous jesting rather than mere lighthearted teasing.
Biblical Usage
This word appears only once in the Old Testament, in Job 17:2, where Job laments, 'Are there not mockers with me?' (KJV). It is used in the context of intense personal suffering and social ostracism, describing the hostile companions who deride Job's plight. The usage is poetic and occurs within a wisdom literature setting, emphasizing the emotional and relational agony of being surrounded by scornful opponents during a crisis of faith.
Etymology
הָתֹל (hâthôl) is derived from the root הָתַל (H2048), meaning 'to deceive,' 'mock,' or 'deride.' It is a noun formed from this verbal root, specifically appearing in the plural form (הֲתֻלִים) in Job 17:2, used collectively for 'mockers.' The root conveys actions of misleading or scoffing, linking the idea of mockery to deception or false portrayal.
Semantic Range
This word is theologically significant as it highlights the experience of unjust ridicule in the life of faith, particularly in the book of Job. It underscores the theme of suffering righteousness—how a blameless person like Job endures scorn from others. Understanding this Hebrew term enriches reading by revealing the depth of social and spiritual torment Job faced, connecting to broader biblical themes of persecution, the suffering of the innocent, and the eventual vindication by God. In ancient Near Eastern culture, public mockery was a severe form of social shaming, often used to discredit and isolate individuals. Job's reference to 'mockers' reflects a context where honor and reputation were paramount; such derision could compound personal suffering by attacking one's social standing and perceived favor with God. The cultural weight of this scorn exceeds modern notions of simple teasing, representing a profound assault on identity and community belonging. לֵץ (lēṣ, H3887) — a scoffer or scorner, often implying arrogant rejection of wisdom and God; בּוּז (bûz, H937) — to despise or hold in contempt, focusing on disdain rather than active mockery.
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (BDB, 1906, public domain). Concordance and morphology data are from the OSHB (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible).
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]