עִזּוּז

עִזּוּז

forcible; collectively and concretely, an army

Definition

The Hebrew noun עִזּוּז (ʻizzûwz) fundamentally denotes 'strength' or 'power,' particularly of a forceful, mighty, or even violent nature. In its two biblical occurrences, it describes formidable military power. In Psalm 24:8, it is used in parallel with 'mighty' (גִּבּוֹר, gibbor) to poetically describe the LORD as the 'King of glory' who is 'strong and mighty' in battle. In Isaiah 43:17, it refers concretely to a 'powerful army'—specifically the Egyptian military that is brought to a halt by God—emphasizing its collective, organized force.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the Old Testament, both in poetic contexts describing military might. In Psalm 24:8, it is used in a worship context to declare God's supreme power. In Isaiah 43:17, it is used in a prophetic oracle of salvation, referring to a historical enemy's army that God defeats. Both uses highlight overwhelming, organized force, whether attributed to God or to a human adversary.

Etymology

Derived from the root עָזַז (ʻāzaz, H5810), meaning 'to be strong' or 'to prevail.' This root conveys ideas of strength, boldness, and firmness. עִזּוּז is the noun form, capturing the abstract quality of 'force' or the concrete manifestation of that force as a 'powerful body,' like an army. Related words include עֹז (ʻōz, H5797), a more common term for strength or might.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it attributes ultimate military and sovereign power to God. In Psalm 24:8, it is a key term in affirming the LORD as the divine warrior, the true 'King of glory.' Understanding this Hebrew term enriches the reading of Isaiah 43:17 by contrasting the 'powerful army' of Egypt with the superior, saving power of Yahweh, who renders human strength ineffective. It underscores the theme that true, victorious strength belongs to God alone. In its ancient Near Eastern context, 'strength' or 'power' (ʻizzûz) was closely tied to military capability and victory in battle. A 'powerful army' was the ultimate expression of a nation's security and a king's prestige. The biblical use subverts this by applying the term primarily to God, suggesting that true security is found not in human military might but in divine protection. עֹז (ʻōz, H5797) — A more general and frequent term for strength, power, or might, often used of God. חַיִל (ḥayil, H2428) — Can mean strength, wealth, or ability, often referring to a capable army or forces. גְּבוּרָה (gᵉbûrâh, H1369) — Denotes might, valor, or heroic power, frequently used for God's mighty acts.

Word Details