מַנְעוּל

מַנְעוּל

a bolt

Definition

The Hebrew noun מַנְעוּל (manʻûwl) refers to a lock or bolt used to secure a door or gate. In its six biblical occurrences, it consistently denotes a physical locking mechanism, often part of a city's defensive infrastructure. In Nehemiah, it specifically refers to the bolts and locks on the gates of Jerusalem during the city's reconstruction (e.g., Nehemiah 3:3, 6). In Song of Songs 5:5, it describes the lock on a door, creating a vivid image of separation and longing.

Biblical Usage

This word is used exclusively in two books: Nehemiah and Song of Songs. In Nehemiah, it appears five times (Nehemiah 3:3, 6, 13, 14, 15) in the context of rebuilding Jerusalem's gates, emphasizing the physical security and restoration of the city. In Song of Songs 5:5, it is used metaphorically in a romantic context, describing the beloved opening a door locked with a bolt, symbolizing intimacy and access.

Etymology

The noun מַנְעוּל derives from the root נָעַל (nāʻal, H5274), which means 'to bolt' or 'to lock.' This root is also related to the word for 'sandal' (נַעַל, naʻal), perhaps suggesting the idea of something that fastens or secures. The form מַנְעוּל is a maqtal pattern noun indicating an instrument or tool—here, the tool used for locking.

Semantic Range

While primarily a mundane object, the lock in Song of Songs 5:5 can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual or relational barriers. The act of opening it parallels themes of invitation, readiness, and access found in biblical imagery of doors (e.g., Revelation 3:20). In Nehemiah, the secure locks symbolize God's protection over His restored people and city, reflecting divine providence in practical, physical details of community life. In ancient Israel, locks and bolts were crucial for security, especially for city gates which were vulnerable points. These were likely simple wooden or metal bolts, possibly with a pin or key mechanism. The emphasis on locks in Nehemiah highlights the practical concerns of post-exilic Judah, where physical safety was intertwined with spiritual renewal. The lock in Song of Songs reflects domestic privacy in ancient Near Eastern homes. דֶּלֶת (deleth, H1817) — a door or gate; the larger structure which the lock secures. בְּרִיחַ (bərîach, H1280) — a bar or bolt; often a simpler, sliding rod for fastening.

Word Details