מִדְרָשׁ

מִדְרָשׁ

properly, an investigation, i.e. (by implication) a treatise or elaborate compilation

Definition

The Hebrew noun מִדְרָשׁ (midrâsh) fundamentally means 'an investigation' or 'a searching out,' referring to a careful, interpretive study of a text or topic. In its two biblical occurrences, it denotes a formal written account or treatise compiled from authoritative sources, specifically royal records. In 2 Chronicles 13:22, it refers to 'the story (midrâsh) of the prophet Iddo' concerning King Abijah, and in 2 Chronicles 24:27, it is 'the story (midrâsh) of the Book of the Kings' concerning King Joash. These are not casual stories but researched, historical compilations.

Biblical Usage

מִדרָשׁ is used only twice in the Old Testament, both times in 2 Chronicles. It consistently refers to a specific type of historical document—an interpretive compilation or commentary drawn from official royal annals and prophetic records. The usage indicates a formal, researched narrative intended to provide a deeper understanding of the kings' reigns (2 Chronicles 13:22, 24:27).

Etymology

Derived from the root דָּרַשׁ (dârash, H1875), meaning 'to seek, inquire, or study diligently.' This root is central to the concept of searching out the meaning of Scripture. מִדְרָשׁ is a noun form indicating the product or result of that diligent inquiry—a commentary or compilation.

Semantic Range

This word is the direct linguistic precursor to the later Jewish practice of 'Midrash,' a form of rabbinic biblical interpretation that seeks to uncover deeper meanings and applications. While the biblical instances refer to historical compilations, the concept underscores a vital theological principle: Scripture invites and rewards diligent, investigative study. Understanding מִדְרָשׁ enriches our view of how biblical history was carefully researched and preserved, and it connects to the enduring Jewish and Christian tradition of deeply engaging with the biblical text. In its original context, a מִדְרָשׁ was a formal literary work, likely held in royal or temple archives. It represented a scholarly effort to interpret and present history from a theological perspective, drawing from official records. This differs from a modern 'story,' as it implies authoritative research and compilation, not folklore or fiction. סֵפֶר (sēpher, H5612) — A more general term for 'book' or 'document.' מִדְרָשׁ is a specific type of ספר, one that is investigative and interpretive. דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים (divrê hayyāmîm, H1697) — 'The events of the days' or 'annals'; the official chronicles from which a midrash might be compiled.

Word Details