Bible Word Study
נָסַק
nâçaq · to go up
נָסַק
to go up
Definition
The Hebrew verb נָסַק (nâçaq) means 'to go up' or 'to ascend.' It is a relatively rare verb, appearing only once in the Hebrew Bible. In its sole occurrence in Psalm 139:8, it is used in a poetic and hypothetical sense, describing the act of ascending to heaven. The word carries a sense of upward motion or rising, similar to other more common ascent verbs, but its specific nuance in its biblical context is tied to the limitless reach of God's presence.
Biblical Usage
This verb is used only once in the Old Testament, in Psalm 139:8. It appears in a poetic parallelism, contrasting ascent to heaven with descent to Sheol: 'If I ascend (אֶסַּק, esaq) to heaven, you are there; if I make my bed in Sheol, you are there.' Its usage is entirely hypothetical, emphasizing the impossibility of escaping God's omnipresence. No other patterns or contexts exist due to its single occurrence.
Etymology
נָסַק (nâçaq) is a primitive root verb in Hebrew. It is cognate with other Semitic words for 'rising' or 'lifting,' such as the Akkadian 'nasāqu.' Its meaning is straightforward, denoting physical or metaphorical ascent. It is a distinct root from the more common עָלָה (ʿālâ, H5927) for 'go up,' though they share a similar semantic range.
Semantic Range
Though used only once, נָסַק is theologically significant in its context. In Psalm 139:8, it is a key term in the psalmist's meditation on God's omnipresence. The hypothetical act of ascending to heaven underscores that no realm—not even the highest heaven—is beyond God's sovereign presence and knowledge. Understanding this Hebrew word enriches the reading by highlighting the poetic device used to express the inescapable and comforting reality of God's nearness. In the ancient Near Eastern worldview, heaven was understood as the dwelling place of God, a realm utterly separate and above the earthly domain. The use of 'ascend' to reach it reflects this spatial cosmology. The psalmist employs this culturally understood concept of a journey to the divine abode to powerfully make a point about God's nature. עָלָה (ʿālâ, H5927) — The primary and far more common verb for 'to go up, ascend, offer'; used for physical ascent, going to Jerusalem, and offering sacrifices. נָסַק is a poetic synonym in its single occurrence.
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (BDB, 1906, public domain). Concordance and morphology data are from the OSHB (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible).
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]