נָשַׂק

נָשַׂק

to catch fire

Definition

The Hebrew verb נָשַׂק (nâsaq) primarily means 'to catch fire' or 'to be kindled.' It describes the process of fire taking hold of a material, such as wood, and beginning to burn. In Isaiah 44:15, it refers to a man using part of a tree to kindle a fire for warmth or cooking. The word can also be used metaphorically for the ignition of God's anger, as seen in Psalm 78:21, where fire symbolizes His wrath being kindled against Israel. In Ezekiel 39:9, it describes weapons being set ablaze, emphasizing complete destruction.

Biblical Usage

נָשַׂק is used only three times in the Old Testament, appearing in poetic and prophetic books: Psalms, Isaiah, and Ezekiel. It is employed in both literal and figurative contexts. Literally, it describes the act of lighting a fire with wood (Isaiah 44:15) or burning weapons (Ezekiel 39:9). Figuratively, it portrays the kindling of God's anger (Psalm 78:21), a common biblical metaphor where fire represents divine judgment. Its usage is sparse but vivid, emphasizing sudden or consequential ignition.

Etymology

נָשַׂק is a primitive root, meaning its origin is not derived from another Hebrew word. It is specifically associated with the concept of catching fire or kindling. Cognates in other Semitic languages, like Akkadian, suggest a related meaning involving burning or lighting. The root conveys the initial action of fire taking hold, distinct from words for sustained burning.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it is used to describe the kindling of God's wrath in Psalm 78:21, linking physical fire to divine judgment. Understanding נָשַׂק enriches reading by highlighting how biblical authors used concrete imagery—like a fire starting—to depict spiritual realities, such as God's responsive anger toward disobedience. It underscores the seriousness of covenant unfaithfulness and the combustible nature of sin in provoking God's holy reaction. In ancient Israelite culture, fire was essential for daily life (cooking, warmth, light) and religious rituals (sacrifices). The act of kindling fire, as described by נָשַׂק, was a tangible, hands-on process, often involving friction or embers. This contrasts with modern ease of ignition (e.g., matches). The metaphorical use of fire for anger or judgment would resonate deeply in a society familiar with fire's destructive and purifying properties, making the imagery powerfully immediate. בָּעַר (bāʿar, H1197) — to burn or consume, often for a longer duration; שָׂרַף (śāraph, H8313) — to burn utterly, as in sacrificial or destructive fire; יָקַד (yāqad, H3344) — to burn or be kindled, sometimes used for altar fire.

Word Details