פָּרַשׂ

פָּרַשׂ

to break apart, disperse, etc.

Definition

The Hebrew verb פָּרַשׂ (pāras) fundamentally means 'to spread out' or 'to stretch out.' In its most literal sense, it describes the physical action of spreading something flat or wide, such as spreading out hands in prayer (Exodus 9:29, 33) or spreading the wings of the cherubim over the ark of the covenant (Exodus 25:20). It can also carry the sense of scattering or dispersing, as in breaking something apart and spreading its pieces. In some contexts, it means to lay something open or to uncover it.

Biblical Usage

פָּרַשׂ is used 66 times, primarily in the Pentateuch (especially Exodus and Numbers) and the Prophets. Its usage is often concrete and ritualistic, describing the spreading of coverings over the tabernacle (Numbers 4:6-8), the spreading of wings, or the spreading of hands in supplication. The imagery of spreading wings is a key motif, symbolizing protection and presence. The sense of scattering or dispersing appears in prophetic literature, often in contexts of judgment.

Etymology

פָּרַשׂ is a primitive root. It is related to the Akkadian word 'parāsu,' meaning 'to separate' or 'to decide,' which shares the core idea of creating division or space. This connection highlights the root sense of creating separation by spreading things apart. The Hebrew meaning developed to emphasize the action of extension and expansion from a central point.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant for its imagery of divine protection and human devotion. God's instruction to craft cherubim with 'spread' wings over the mercy seat (Exodus 25:20) symbolizes His protective presence and glory dwelling with His people. Conversely, humans 'spread' their hands in prayer (Exodus 9:29), an act of total dependence, vulnerability, and supplication before God. Understanding this verb enriches readings of worship, sanctuary, and prayer in Scripture. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the act of spreading one's hands palms-up was a universal gesture of petition and submission before a deity or king, indicating one had no concealed weapons and was wholly reliant on the superior's favor. The detailed descriptions of spreading coverings in the tabernacle (Numbers 4) reflect a profound cultural value on ritual precision and the careful handling of sacred objects to maintain holiness. זָרָה (zārâ, H2219) — to scatter or winnow, often used for dispersing people. נָטָה (nāṭâ, H5186) — to stretch out or extend, often used for God's hand or the heavens. פָּרַק (pāraq, H6561) — to tear apart or break off, focusing on violent separation rather than spreading.

Word Details