פֶּה

פֶּה

the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge

Definition

The Hebrew word פֶּה (peh) primarily means 'mouth,' but its usage extends far beyond the physical organ. Literally, it refers to the mouth of a person (Genesis 4:11), an animal (Genesis 8:11), or even a well (Genesis 29:2). Figuratively, it is the source of speech, command, and testimony, as seen when something is done 'according to the mouth' of a command (Genesis 45:21). In a spatial sense, it denotes an opening, edge, or border, such as the 'edge' of a sword (Psalm 149:6) or the 'opening' of a cave (Joshua 10:22).

Biblical Usage

פֶּה is used over 450 times across all genres of the Old Testament. It frequently appears in narrative and legal texts to denote authoritative speech, as in the phrase 'by the mouth of' a prophet or command (e.g., Exodus 38:21). In poetic books like Psalms and Proverbs, it emphasizes the power of speech for blessing, cursing, and wisdom (Proverbs 10:31). Its spatial meaning ('opening' or 'edge') is common in descriptions of objects and geography (e.g., 1 Kings 7:31).

Etymology

Derived from the root פָּאָה (H6284), meaning 'to blow' or 'to scatter.' This connection highlights the mouth's primary function as the instrument of breath and speech. The development from a physical 'mouth' to concepts of command and edge reflects a natural semantic expansion based on the mouth's role as an opening or point of origin.

Semantic Range

פֶּה is theologically significant as it is intimately connected with divine revelation and authority. God's word proceeds from His 'mouth' (Deuteronomy 8:3, Isaiah 55:11), establishing it as the ultimate source of truth and command. Human speech, originating from the same organ, carries profound moral weight (Proverbs 18:21). Understanding this Hebrew term enriches the reading of key passages about prophecy, creation (God spoke), and the power of blessings and oaths. In ancient Israelite culture, the mouth was not just a biological feature but the seat of a person's will, character, and authority. A command from the king's 'mouth' was irrevocable (Esther 8:8). The concept of testimony was tied to what came 'from the mouth' of witnesses. This holistic view contrasts with a modern, purely anatomical understanding. שָׂפָה (saphah, H8193) — Often 'lip,' focusing more on the physical edge or the act of speech itself, sometimes implying language. אֹמֶר (omer, H562) — 'Speech' or 'word,' emphasizing the uttered content rather than the source organ. דָּבָר (davar, H1697) — 'Word,' 'matter,' or 'thing,' a broader term for speech, command, or an actual event.

Word Details