Bible Word Study
πολυλογία
polylogia · much-speaking
πολυλογία
much-speaking
Definition
πολυλογία refers to 'much-speaking' or excessive, repetitive talk. In its sole New Testament occurrence in Matthew 6:7, it describes the kind of prayer that Jesus warns against—using many words or empty repetitions, as the Gentiles (or pagans) do. The term carries a negative connotation of verbosity that assumes one will be heard because of the sheer quantity of words. It contrasts sharply with the sincere, trusting prayer to God the Father that Jesus teaches in the preceding verses (Matthew 6:5-6).
Biblical Usage
This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Matthew 6:7. It appears in Jesus's teaching on prayer within the Sermon on the Mount, specifically as a negative example to avoid. The context is instructional, contrasting pagan prayer practices with the sincere prayer Jesus advocates.
Etymology
Derived from the Greek adjective πολύς (polys, G4183) meaning 'much, many' and the noun λόγος (logos, G3056) meaning 'word, speech, or reason.' It is a compound word literally meaning 'many words' or 'much speaking.'
Semantic Range
This word is theologically significant as it highlights a key principle of Christian prayer: God's attention is not earned by the length or eloquence of our words but is granted by His grace to His children. It underscores the contrast between pagan, manipulative religious practices and a relationship with God as a loving Father (Matthew 6:8-9). Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by clarifying that Jesus is condemning a specific attitude of prayer—one of empty ritual and verbal manipulation—not earnest, persistent prayer (cf. Luke 18:1-8). In the Greco-Roman world, it was common in pagan religions to use long lists of divine names, titles, and formulaic repetitions in prayers and incantations. This practice was believed to either compel the deity to act or ensure the prayer was heard by the correct god. Jesus directly contrasts this pagan understanding with the biblical model of praying to a personal, sovereign, and caring Father who knows our needs before we ask. κενόφωνος (kenophōnos, G2757) — 'vain, empty talk'; ματαιολογία (mataiologia, G3150) — 'idle, fruitless talk'; λαλιά (lalia, G2981) — 'speech, talk' (more neutral).
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Dodson Greek-English Lexicon, supplemented by STEPBible TBESG data (CC BY 4.0). Concordance and morphology data are derived from the interlinear Bible.
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]