קֹבָה

קֹבָה

the abdomen (as a cavity)

Definition

The Hebrew noun קֹבָה (qôbâh) refers specifically to the abdomen or belly as a bodily cavity. It denotes the anatomical region of the torso containing the stomach and intestines. In its sole biblical occurrence in Numbers 25:8, it describes the precise location where Phinehas thrust his spear through the Israelite man and the Midianite woman, piercing through the man's body and into the woman's abdomen. The term emphasizes a fatal, penetrating wound to the core of the body.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the Old Testament, in the narrative of Numbers 25:8. It appears in a context of divine judgment and zealous action, specifying the anatomical point of a lethal spear thrust that ended a act of idolatrous immorality at Shittim. The usage is highly specific and graphic, serving to pinpoint the fatal wound.

Etymology

קֹבָה (qôbâh) is a feminine noun derived from the root קָבַב (qābab, H6895), which means 'to curse' or 'to hollow out.' The connection likely stems from the concept of 'hollowing' or creating a cavity, which relates to the abdomen as an internal hollow space within the body. This etymological link highlights the word's focus on the abdomen as a receptacle or chamber.

Semantic Range

While the word itself is an anatomical term, its single use carries significant theological weight. In Numbers 25:8, Phinehas's act of piercing the 'qobah' stopped a plague and demonstrated zealousness for God's holiness, earning a covenant of peace (Numbers 25:10-13). The precise, violent action underscores the seriousness of sin and the drastic, atoning nature of Phinehas's intervention, which is later referenced in Psalms 106:30 and held up as an example of righteous zeal. In ancient Near Eastern culture, a wound to the abdomen or 'belly' was understood as particularly grave and often fatal, affecting the core of a person's vitality. The specific term emphasizes the depth and completeness of the spear's penetration, leaving no doubt about the lethal outcome. This graphic detail would have resonated strongly with an ancient audience familiar with the realities of combat and bodily trauma. בֶּטֶן (beṭen, H990) — A more general term for belly, womb, or body interior, often used for the seat of emotions. כְּרֵס (kerēs, H3770) — Specifically refers to the belly or abdomen, particularly as protuberant; used for the 'paunch' of an animal in sacrifice (Leviticus 1:9, 3:3).

Word Details