Bible Word Study
ῥαββουνί
rabboyni · Rabbi, my master
ῥαββουνί
Rabbi, my master
Definition
ῥαββουνί is an emphatic Aramaic title of profound respect, meaning 'my great master' or 'my teacher.' It is a personal and intimate form of the more common 'Rabbi,' intensifying the relationship by adding the possessive 'my.' In the New Testament, it is used exclusively in direct address to Jesus. In Mark 10:51, blind Bartimaeus uses it in a plea for healing, expressing desperate faith. In John 20:16, Mary Magdalene cries it out upon recognizing the risen Jesus, conveying a mix of recognition, devotion, and overwhelming emotion.
Biblical Usage
This word is used only twice, both times as a direct, personal form of address to Jesus. In Mark 10:51, it is used in a public healing context by a desperate man. In John 20:16, it is used in a private, resurrection appearance, marking a moment of intimate recognition. The pattern shows it is reserved for moments of deep personal faith and revelation directed solely toward Christ.
Etymology
Derived from Aramaic (רַבּוֹנִי, rabbônî), meaning 'my master' or 'my great one.' It is an intensified form of 'Rabbi' (רַבִּי), which means 'my teacher,' by incorporating the emphatic suffix. The Greek New Testament transliterates this Aramaic term directly, preserving its original emotional and relational weight.
Semantic Range
This title is theologically significant as it highlights the unique, personal relationship between believers and Jesus. It acknowledges His authority ('master') while expressing intimate possession ('my'). Its use at the resurrection (John 20:16) underscores that the risen Lord is personally known and accessible to His followers. Understanding this Aramaic term enriches reading by revealing the heartfelt, devotional tone of these pivotal encounters. In 1st-century Jewish culture, 'Rabbi' was a title of honor for a teacher of the Law. The intensified form 'Rabbouni' conveyed even greater reverence and a close, personal discipleship. Its use for Jesus, especially by a non-scholar like Bartimaeus and a woman like Mary Magdalene, subtly challenged formal religious structures by emphasizing direct, personal devotion over institutional authority. ῥαββί (rhabbi, G4461) — The more common form meaning 'my teacher,' less emphatically personal. διδάσκαλος (didaskalos, G1320) — The standard Greek word for 'teacher,' often used interchangeably but without the Aramaic cultural and relational depth.
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Dodson Greek-English Lexicon, supplemented by STEPBible TBESG data (CC BY 4.0). Concordance and morphology data are derived from the interlinear Bible.
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]