רָזַם

רָזַם

to twinkle the eye (in mockery)

Definition

The Hebrew verb רָזַם (râzam) means to wink or twinkle the eye, specifically as a gesture of mockery or scorn. It describes a deliberate, non-verbal signal of derision or contempt, often implying a secretive or malicious intent behind the gesture. In its sole biblical occurrence in Job 15:12, Eliphaz accuses Job of letting his heart carry him away and his eyes 'wink' in a mocking manner, suggesting Job is arrogantly dismissing divine counsel. The word captures a single, vivid action of scornful communication through the eyes.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used only once in the Old Testament, in the poetic book of Job (Job 15:12). It appears in the context of the debate between Job and his friends, where Eliphaz uses it to accuse Job of a prideful, scornful attitude. The usage is metaphorical, describing a physical gesture (winking) to represent an internal attitude of mockery and rebellion against wisdom or divine reproof.

Etymology

רָזַם (râzam) is considered a primitive root in Hebrew, meaning its origin is not clearly derived from another Hebrew word. It is specifically associated with the motion of the eye. Cognates in other Semitic languages, like Arabic, suggest a related meaning of winking or making a sign with the eyes. Its meaning remained focused on this specific, scornful gesture.

Semantic Range

Though used only once, this word is theologically significant as it highlights a posture of the heart that rejects wisdom and correction. In Job 15:12, the 'winking eye' symbolizes arrogant self-reliance and scorn for the counsel of others and, by implication, for God. It serves as a warning against a prideful, mocking spirit that closes itself off to reproof and divine wisdom, a theme echoed in Proverbs (e.g., Proverbs 1:7, 3:34). Understanding this specific gesture enriches the reading of Job by revealing the depth of the accusation against Job's character. In ancient Near Eastern culture, gestures like winking carried specific connotations. A wink could signal conspiracy, deceit, or mockery, often in a context where words were not spoken aloud. This differs from some modern contexts where a wink might be playful or flirtatious. In the biblical setting, the gesture in Job 15:12 is unambiguously negative, representing scornful and arrogant dismissal. לָעַג (lāʿag, H3932) — to mock or deride, often verbally; a broader term for scorn. קָלַס (qālas, H7046) — to scoff or mock, emphasizing contemptuous speech.

Word Details