רֹחַב

רֹחַב

width (literally or figuratively)

Definition

The Hebrew noun רֹחַב (rôchab) primarily denotes 'width' or 'breadth' as a physical dimension, often used in detailed architectural descriptions, especially of the tabernacle and temple (e.g., Exodus 25:10 for the ark, Exodus 26:2 for the curtains). Figuratively, it extends to signify 'spaciousness,' 'vastness,' or 'abundance,' describing the generous extent of a land grant, as when God promises Abraham all the land he can see (Genesis 13:17). In a few poetic contexts, it can connote the broad, expansive nature of wisdom or understanding (e.g., 1 Kings 4:29).

Biblical Usage

רֹחַב is used 89 times, predominantly in the Torah's tabernacle blueprints (Exodus 25-27, 36-38) and later in Ezekiel's temple visions (Ezekiel 40-42), emphasizing precise, divine measurements. It also appears in narratives describing territorial boundaries and promised lands (Joshua, 1 Kings). A key figurative pattern is its use with the verb 'to give' (נָתַן), signifying God's gracious granting of expansive territory, as in Deuteronomy 12:20 and 19:8.

Etymology

Derived from the root רָחַב (rāḥab, H7337), meaning 'to be or become wide, broad, or spacious.' This root conveys expansion and is the source for related words like רְחָבִים (reḥābîm, 'broad places') and the adjective רָחָב (rāḥāb, 'broad, wide'). The noun form רֹחַב specifically captures the state or quality of breadth.

Semantic Range

רֹחַב is theologically significant as it often quantifies God's generous provisions, particularly the Promised Land, symbolizing His abundant faithfulness to the covenant (Genesis 13:17). In the tabernacle/temple specifications, the precise dimensions reflect God's ordered, holy presence dwelling among His people. The word's figurative use for wisdom (1 Kings 4:29) connects divine gift with expansive capacity, enriching the reader's view of God's gifts as both tangible and intellectual. In ancient Near Eastern culture, precise measurements for sacred spaces were crucial for ritual correctness and symbolic perfection, reflecting cosmic order. The figurative use of 'breadth' for land would resonate in an agrarian society where extensive, fertile territory meant security, prosperity, and divine favor, a concept more concrete than modern abstract notions of 'space.' רְחָבִים (reḥābîm, H7339) — plural form often meaning 'broad or open places,' emphasizing a wide area rather than a measured width. מִדָּה (middâ, H4060) — 'measurement' or 'extent,' a more general term for dimension that can include length, height, or volume.

Word Details