שָׂגָה

שָׂגָה

to enlarge (especially upward, also figuratively)

Definition

The Hebrew verb שָׂגָה (sâgâh) fundamentally means 'to grow up' or 'to increase,' particularly with a sense of upward or outward enlargement. It describes the flourishing growth of plants, as seen in Job 8:11 where a papyrus plant 'grows up' without a marsh, and in Psalm 92:12 where the righteous 'flourish' like a palm tree. Figuratively, it extends to the concept of prosperity and advancement, such as the wicked appearing to 'increase in power' in Psalm 73:12, or the promise that one's latter end will 'greatly increase' in Job 8:7.

Biblical Usage

This verb appears only four times in the Old Testament, primarily in poetic and wisdom literature (Job and Psalms). Its usage consistently depicts organic growth or increase. In Job 8, it illustrates the natural growth of plants as a metaphor for human destiny (Job 8:7, 8:11). In the Psalms, it contrasts the apparent prosperity of the wicked (Psalm 73:12) with the genuine, God-given flourishing of the righteous (Psalm 92:12).

Etymology

A primitive root, שָׂגָה is related to the idea of increase or enlargement. It shares a conceptual field with the more common verb גָּדַל (gādal, H1431), which also means 'to grow' or 'become great,' though שָׂגָה often carries a more specific nuance of upward growth or sprouting.

Semantic Range

This word enriches the biblical theme of growth as a sign of divine blessing and covenant faithfulness. The righteous are promised growth that is not merely material but rooted in God's presence, like a tree planted by water (Psalm 92:12). It provides a counterpoint to the fleeting, arrogant 'increase' of the wicked (Psalm 73:12), teaching that true prosperity comes from God and is often measured in spiritual resilience rather than worldly success. In an agrarian society, upward growth was a visible, powerful symbol of life, health, and blessing. A plant growing tall and strong directly signaled fertile land and favorable conditions, which were understood as gifts from God. This makes the metaphor immediately understandable to the original audience. גָּדַל (gādal, H1431) — A more general term for growing great or large, often used for people and nations. פָּרַח (pāraḥ, H6524) — Specifically means to bud, sprout, or blossom, focusing on the initial stages of growth. צָמַח (ṣāmaḥ, H6779) — Means to sprout, spring up, or grow, often used for plants emerging from the ground.

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