שָׁאַן

שָׁאַן

to loll, i.e. be peaceful

Definition

The Hebrew verb שָׁאַן (shâʼan) fundamentally means to be at ease, to rest securely, or to be tranquil. It describes a state of peaceful repose, often with a sense of confidence and freedom from disturbance or fear. In Job 3:18, it depicts the quiet rest of the dead, while in Proverbs 1:33, it describes the security of those who listen to wisdom. In the prophetic books, particularly Jeremiah 30:10 and 46:27, it carries a stronger nuance of dwelling in safety under God's protective care, contrasting with the anxiety of exile.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used five times in the Old Testament, primarily in poetic and prophetic literature. It appears in wisdom literature (Job, Proverbs) to describe the quiet state of the righteous or the deceased. Its most significant usage is in Jeremiah's prophecies of restoration (Jeremiah 30:10, 46:27), where God promises His people they will again 'dwell securely' without fear. In Jeremiah 48:11, it is used ironically of Moab's complacent, undisturbed ease before judgment.

Etymology

שָׁאַן is a primitive root. Its core meaning relates to being supported or leaning in a secure position, leading to the sense of being at ease. It is cognate with the place name בֵּית שְׁאָן (Beth-shean, H1052), meaning 'house of ease' or 'house of security,' which illustrates the concept of a secure dwelling.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it captures God's promise of shalom—a deep, secure peace that comes from His presence and covenant faithfulness. It moves beyond mere absence of conflict to a positive state of confident rest and safety provided by God. Understanding this Hebrew term enriches reading of restoration prophecies, highlighting that God's ultimate goal for His people is not just return from exile, but a state of settled, fearless tranquility in Him. In the ancient Near East, security was fragile, often threatened by invasion, famine, and lawlessness. The promise to 'dwell securely' (שָׁאַן) would have resonated powerfully as a comprehensive blessing covering safety, economic stability, and social peace—a condition only fully possible under God's sovereign protection. נוּחַ (nûach, H5117) — to rest, cease, settle down; more about cessation of motion or work. שָׁקַט (shâqat, H8252) — to be quiet, undisturbed; often about the quieting of turmoil or noise. בָּטַח (bâṭach, H982) — to trust, be confident; focuses on the attitude of reliance that leads to security.

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