שֵׁן

שֵׁן

a tooth

Definition

The Hebrew word שֵׁן (shên) primarily means 'a tooth.' In its three biblical occurrences, all in the Aramaic portions of Daniel, it is used literally to describe the teeth of a beast. In Daniel 7:5, the bear is commanded to 'Arise, devour much flesh,' with its teeth being a key instrument. In Daniel 7:7 and 7:19, the terrifying fourth beast is described as having 'great iron teeth,' emphasizing its destructive power and ability to crush and devour. There is no evidence of a metaphorical meaning (like 'ivory' from the related Hebrew word H8127) in its Aramaic usage in Daniel.

Biblical Usage

This word is used exclusively in the Aramaic sections of the book of Daniel, specifically within the prophetic vision of the four beasts representing successive kingdoms. In all three instances (Daniel 7:5, 7:7, 7:19), it describes the literal teeth of symbolic, monstrous animals. The usage consistently highlights the ferocity, strength, and devouring nature of these beasts, particularly emphasizing the 'iron teeth' of the fourth beast as a symbol of exceptional crushing power.

Etymology

The word שֵׁן (shên) is the Aramaic cognate of the Hebrew word שֵׁן (H8127), which also means 'tooth' and, by extension, 'ivory.' Both words derive from a common Semitic root. The Aramaic form used in Daniel corresponds directly in meaning to the primary sense of its Hebrew counterpart, retaining the core meaning of a literal tooth.

Semantic Range

While the word itself is a common noun, its specific usage in Daniel's apocalyptic vision carries significant theological weight. The 'teeth,' especially the 'iron teeth' of the fourth beast (Daniel 7:7, 19), are not mere anatomical details but powerful symbols of violent oppression, conquest, and the devouring nature of human kingdoms that oppose God's sovereignty. Understanding this imagery enriches the interpretation of the prophecy, highlighting the brutal character of worldly power contrasted with the everlasting kingdom given to the 'son of man' (Daniel 7:13-14). In the ancient Near East, descriptions of fearsome beasts with prominent teeth were a common literary and artistic motif to symbolize terror, predatory strength, and chaos. The specific mention of 'iron teeth' in Daniel 7 would have evoked the image of an unstoppable, metallic crushing force, far beyond the natural power of an animal. This culturally resonant imagery powerfully communicated the overwhelming and terrifying nature of the empires represented. There are no direct Aramaic synonyms used in the same context. The related Hebrew word is שֵׁן (shên, H8127) — the Hebrew equivalent, which can also mean 'ivory' in addition to 'tooth.'

Word Details