Bible Word Study
תַּקִּיף
taqqîyph · powerful
תַּקִּיף
powerful
Definition
The Hebrew noun תַּקִּיף (taqqîyph) means 'powerful' or 'mighty,' describing someone or something possessing superior strength, force, or authority. It is used to denote a person who is stronger or more dominant than another. In its sole biblical occurrence in Ecclesiastes 6:10, it refers to a being who is 'mightier' than a human, likely pointing to God's ultimate sovereignty. The word emphasizes a comparative or superlative degree of power, suggesting an unassailable position of strength.
Biblical Usage
This word appears only once in the Old Testament, in Ecclesiastes 6:10. The context is a reflection on human limitation and divine sovereignty: 'Whatever exists has already been named, and what humanity is has been known; no one can contend with someone who is stronger (תַּקִּיף).' Here, it is used in a philosophical discourse about human fate and the inability to dispute with a more powerful authority, which in this passage is understood to be God.
Etymology
תַּקִּיף derives from the root תָּקַף (taqaph, H8630), which means 'to be or become strong, prevail, overpower.' This root conveys the sense of seizing or holding power. The noun form is an intensive construction, emphasizing a state of being emphatically strong or mighty. Cognate words in related Semitic languages carry similar meanings of strength and firmness.
Semantic Range
Though used only once, תַּקִּיף contributes to the biblical theme of God's supreme power and human finitude. In Ecclesiastes 6:10, it underscores the doctrine of divine sovereignty—that God is the ultimate 'stronger one' with whom humans cannot successfully dispute. Understanding this Hebrew term enriches reading by highlighting the stark contrast between human weakness and God's inviolable authority, a key concept in Wisdom literature's exploration of life's mysteries under God's rule. In the ancient Near Eastern context, concepts of strength and power were often associated with kings, warriors, and deities. The use of תַּקִּיף to describe a being mightier than humans aligns with a worldview where hierarchical power structures were assumed, and divine supremacy was a given. It reflects a cultural understanding that there are forces (especially divine) beyond human control or challenge. חָזָק (chazaq, H2389) — often denotes physical strength or firmness; גִּבּוֹר (gibbor, H1368) — emphasizes a mighty warrior or hero; עָצוּם (atsum, H6099) — conveys being mighty, numerous, or vast in power.
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (BDB, 1906, public domain). Concordance and morphology data are from the OSHB (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible).
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]