Bible Word Study
Τραχωνῖτις
trachōnitis · Trachonitis
Τραχωνῖτις
Trachonitis
Definition
Τραχωνῖτις (Trachonitis) refers to a specific, rugged geographical region in the ancient Near East. It denotes the 'rough' or 'stony' territory located northeast of the Jordan River, forming part of the tetrarchy of Herod Philip (Luke 3:1). This area was a distinct administrative district within the larger Roman province of Syria. The term is used exclusively as a proper noun to identify this particular locale, with no other biblical senses or metaphorical meanings.
Biblical Usage
This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Luke 3:1, where it specifies the territory ruled by Herod Philip. Its usage is purely geographical and administrative, providing historical context for the beginning of John the Baptist's ministry. It helps anchor the biblical narrative within a real-world political landscape of the first century.
Etymology
The word Τραχωνῖτις (Trachōnitis) is derived from the Greek adjective τραχύς (trachys, G5138), meaning 'rough' or 'rocky.' The '-ῖτις' suffix typically indicates a region or territory. Thus, Trachonitis literally means 'the rough or rocky region,' a name that accurately describes its harsh, volcanic landscape.
Semantic Range
In its original setting, Trachonitis was known as a wild, difficult-to-govern area southeast of Damascus, characterized by basaltic lava flows and caves. It was often a refuge for bandits. For Luke's original readers, mentioning this specific tetrarchy alongside others like Iturea (Luke 3:1) established the historical credibility of the Gospel account and situated Jesus's ministry within the complex political framework of Roman client kingdoms. περιχώρος (perichōros, G4066) — a more general term for a 'region' or 'surrounding country,' not a proper name for a specific territory like Trachonitis.
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Dodson Greek-English Lexicon, supplemented by STEPBible TBESG data (CC BY 4.0). Concordance and morphology data are derived from the interlinear Bible.
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]