Bible Word Study
יָרוֹק
yârôwq · green, i.e. an herb
יָרוֹק
green, i.e. an herb
Definition
The Hebrew noun יָרוֹק (yârôwq) refers to something green, specifically tender green vegetation or herbs. It describes the fresh, young growth of plants, often in contrast to dry or mature vegetation. In its single biblical occurrence in Job 39:8, it denotes the 'green thing' or fresh herbage of the mountains that the wild donkey seeks for food. The word emphasizes the color and vitality of living plant life, particularly as sustenance.
Biblical Usage
This word is used only once in the Old Testament, in Job 39:8. It appears in the context of God's rhetorical questions to Job about the natural world, specifically describing the habitat and diet of the wild donkey. The usage highlights the creature's search for 'the green thing' (הַיָּרוֹק) among the mountains, portraying its dependence on fresh, growing vegetation in the wilderness.
Etymology
יָרוֹק derives from the root יָרָק (yârâq, H3417), which means 'to be green' or 'to sprout.' This root is also the source for words like יֶרֶק (yereq, H3418), meaning 'greenness' or 'green plants,' and relates to the concept of fresh, vegetative growth. The noun form specifically denotes the green product itself.
Semantic Range
While a simple botanical term, its use in Job 39:8 contributes to the book's profound theological theme of God's sovereign provision and design in creation. It illustrates how even wild animals depend on God's sustenance through the natural growth He ordains. Understanding this Hebrew term enriches reading by connecting the specific imagery of fresh, vital greenery to the portrayal of a creature's divinely appointed habitat. In ancient Near Eastern agrarian society, 'green' vegetation was closely associated with life, nourishment, and seasonal renewal, especially in a semi-arid landscape. The 'green thing' would signify not just color but desirable, edible forage, contrasting with dry or barren land. This cultural understanding underscores the wild donkey's search as one for essential sustenance. יֶרֶק (yereq, H3418) — a broader term for greenness or green plants in general; עֵשֶׂב (ʿēśeb, H6212) — herb, plant, often cultivated or specified as vegetation.
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (BDB, 1906, public domain). Concordance and morphology data are from the OSHB (Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible).
Full methodology & sources →References
- Abbott-Smith, G. (1921) A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. [Public Domain]
- Brown, F., Driver, S.R. and Briggs, C.A. (1906) A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Public Domain]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Tyndale Brief lexicon of Extended Strongs for Greek (TBESG). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Tyndale House, Cambridge (n.d.) Translators Formatted full LSJ (TFLSJ). STEPBible. Available at: https://www.stepbible.org. [CC BY 4.0]
- Thayer, J.H. (1889) A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. [Public Domain]
- Gesenius, W. (1846) Gesenius' Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament. [Public Domain]
- Dodson, J. (2010) Greek Lexicon. Biblical Humanities. [CC0]