זָוִית

זָוִית

an angle (as projecting), i.e. (by implication) a corner-column (or anta)

Definition

The Hebrew word זָוִית refers to a projecting angle or corner, specifically the cornerstone of a building. In its two biblical occurrences, it describes a foundational stone that determines the alignment and stability of a structure. In Psalm 144:12, it poetically depicts sons as 'cornerstones' (זָוִיֹּת), likely symbolizing strength and support for a family or nation. In Zechariah 9:15, the word appears in a prophetic context, where the people are compared to 'cornerstones' of a temple, emphasizing their honored and foundational role in God's future kingdom.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the Old Testament, both in poetic or prophetic contexts. In Psalm 144:12, it is used metaphorically to describe sons as 'cornerstones,' suggesting they are the strength and stability of a household. In Zechariah 9:15, it appears in a prophecy where God's people are likened to 'cornerstones' of a temple, symbolizing their exalted and secure position in God's victorious reign. Both uses emphasize the structural importance and honor associated with a cornerstone.

Etymology

The noun זָוִית is derived from a root meaning 'to project' or 'be prominent,' related to H2099 (זִו). It shares a conceptual connection with words for 'corner' or 'angle,' focusing on the idea of a protruding or defining structural element. The development of meaning from a simple 'angle' to a 'cornerstone' reflects how the most prominent corner stone became synonymous with the foundational stone that sets the alignment for an entire building.

Semantic Range

Though used only twice, זָוִית carries significant theological weight as a metaphor for God's people. In Psalm 144:12, it underscores the blessing of strong, supportive offspring as a foundation for societal stability. In Zechariah 9:15, it prophetically portrays the redeemed as honored and secure cornerstones in God's spiritual temple, prefiguring New Testament imagery where Christ is the chief cornerstone (Ephesians 2:20) and believers are 'living stones' (1 Peter 2:5). Understanding this Hebrew term enriches the biblical metaphor of God's people as a constructed, holy dwelling. In ancient Near Eastern construction, the cornerstone was the first stone set, determining the position of all other stones and ensuring the building's alignment and stability. It was a large, carefully cut stone placed at a crucial corner. This cultural understanding makes the biblical metaphors powerful: just as a physical cornerstone was essential for a building's integrity, so are faithful sons for a family's future (Psalm 144:12) and God's people for His kingdom (Zechariah 9:15). פִּנָּה (pinnâh, H6438) — A more common term for 'corner' or 'cornerstone,' often used in architectural and metaphorical contexts (e.g., Psalm 118:22). זָוִית emphasizes the projecting angle, while פִּנָּה can refer more broadly to the corner itself.

Word Details