ἀκριβόω

I examine carefully, inquire strictly

Definition

ἀκριβόω means to examine or inquire with careful precision and exactness. It conveys the idea of making a thorough investigation to obtain accurate information. In Matthew 2:7, Herod uses this word when he secretly calls the Magi to 'inquire diligently' from them the exact time the star appeared, seeking precise details. Later, in Matthew 2:16, Herod's action is described as being based on the time he had 'carefully ascertained' from the Magi, showing how his exact inquiry led to a tragic decision. The word consistently carries this sense of meticulous, detailed questioning.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used only twice in the New Testament, both in Matthew 2. It describes Herod's secretive and precise interrogation of the Magi concerning the timing of the Messiah's birth (Matthew 2:7, 16). The context is one of political threat and deception, as Herod feigns worshipful intent while actually seeking information to eliminate a rival king. The usage pattern shows it applied to a formal, official inquiry aimed at obtaining specific chronological data.

Etymology

Derived from the adjective ἀκριβής (akribēs), meaning 'exact, accurate, or precise.' The root relates to the idea of a boundary or limit (akin to κρίνω, krinō, 'to judge'), suggesting careful judgment to the finest point. The verb form means 'to do something accurately' or 'to ascertain precisely.' Its meaning developed from the core concept of exactness and attention to detail.

Semantic Range

This word highlights the contrast between human and divine knowledge. Herod's 'careful inquiry' (ἀκριβόω) represents a human attempt to control events and thwart God's plan, yet it ironically fulfills prophecy (Matthew 2:17-18). It reminds readers that God's purposes prevail even over the most meticulous human schemes. Understanding this Greek term enriches the reading of Matthew 2 by underscoring the tension between earthly power and divine sovereignty.

In the first-century Greco-Roman world, precise inquiry was valued in legal, administrative, and historical contexts. Herod, as a client king under Roman authority, would have been familiar with formal investigative procedures. His use of secret, exact questioning reflects the political intrigue and paranoia common in royal courts, where information was power. The cultural setting shows a ruler using official means for a malicious personal end.

ἐξετάζω (exetazō, G1833) — to examine or question, often in a legal or investigative sense, but can be more general than the precise exactness of ἀκριβόω. πυνθάνομαι (punthanomai, G4441) — to inquire or ask, a more common term for seeking information without the inherent emphasis on meticulous detail.

Word Details

Scripture References