ἀνατέλλω

I make to rise, I rise, shine

Definition

The verb ἀνατέλλω primarily means 'to rise' or 'to cause to rise,' most often used for the rising of the sun or celestial bodies (Matthew 5:45, Mark 16:2). In a metaphorical sense, it describes the dawning of light upon people, as in the prophecy quoted in Matthew 4:16 about light rising on those in darkness. It is also used for plants sprouting or springing up from the ground, as in the Parable of the Sower where plants with no root 'spring up' quickly (Matthew 13:6, Mark 4:6). In a unique genealogical usage, it describes a figure 'arising' from a specific tribe (Hebrews 7:14).

Biblical Usage

ἀνατέλλω is used nine times in the New Testament, appearing in Gospels, an Epistle, and Hebrews. Its most common usage is literal, describing the sunrise (Matthew 5:45, Mark 16:2, Luke 12:54). It is used metaphorically for the dawning of messianic light in Matthew 4:16. In agricultural parables, it describes plants sprouting (Matthew 13:6, Mark 4:6, James 1:11). A distinct usage applies to the lineage of Christ 'arising' from Judah (Hebrews 7:14).

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἀνά (ana, 'up') and the verb τέλλω (tellō, 'to rise, accomplish'). The compound thus literally means 'to rise up.' The root τέλλω is related to the idea of coming forth or being accomplished, seen in words like ἐπιτέλλω ('to command').

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it connects the natural order to divine revelation. The 'rising' of the sun in Matthew 5:45 demonstrates God's common grace. Most importantly, its use in Matthew 4:16 (quoting Isaiah 9:2) directly links to Christ's advent as the light dawning on spiritual darkness. The usage in Hebrews 7:14 underscores the fulfillment of prophecy in Christ's lineage 'arising' from Judah.

In an agrarian society without electric light, the daily sunrise was a powerful, observable event marking time, work, and safety. The metaphor of light 'rising' or 'dawning' would be viscerally understood as bringing clarity, hope, and deliverance from the dangers and uncertainties of darkness. The agricultural imagery of plants 'springing up' was equally immediate to Jesus' audience.

ἐπιφαίνω (epiphainō, G2014) — emphasizes shining forth or appearing, often of divine manifestation. ἀναβαίνω (anabainō, G305) — general term for going up or ascending, not specific to light or plants.

Word Details

Scripture References