ἀναθεωρέω

I look at attentively, consider

Definition

The verb ἀναθεωρέω means to observe or consider something carefully and attentively. It implies a deliberate, thoughtful examination, often with the goal of understanding or gaining insight. In Acts 17:23, Paul uses this word to describe his observation of the Athenians' objects of worship, indicating a careful, analytical look at their religious culture. In Hebrews 13:7, it refers to believers thoughtfully considering the outcome of their leaders' faithful lives as an example to follow.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, in distinct contexts. In Acts 17:23, it describes Paul's intellectual and visual observation of pagan altars in Athens, setting up his philosophical argument. In Hebrews 13:7, it is used in a pastoral context, urging believers to reflect attentively on the conduct and faithful end of their spiritual leaders. Both uses involve a purposeful, reflective looking that leads to a deeper understanding or application.

Etymology

Derived from ἀνά (ana, meaning 'up, again, throughout') and θεωρέω (theōreō, meaning 'to look at, behold'). The prefix ἀνά can intensify the base verb, giving ἀναθεωρέω the sense of looking at something thoroughly or contemplatively. It is related to the noun θεωρία (theōria), from which we get the English word 'theory,' hinting at its contemplative nature.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it describes a mode of engagement with the world and faith that goes beyond casual glance. In Acts 17:23, it models a thoughtful, observant approach to understanding culture as a precursor to gospel proclamation. In Hebrews 13:7, it prescribes a reflective consideration of godly examples as a means of strengthening faith and perseverance. It enriches Bible reading by highlighting the importance of intentional, discerning observation in both apologetics and spiritual formation.

In the Greco-Roman world, θεωρέω and its compounds were used in philosophical and observational contexts, such as attending a theatrical spectacle or contemplating an idea. Paul's use in Acts 17 taps into this intellectual tradition, meeting the Athenian philosophers on their own conceptual ground. The call in Hebrews to 'consider' the outcome of a life reflects the cultural importance of imitating noble examples, a common motif in both Jewish and Hellenistic moral teaching.

θεωρέω (theōreō, G2334) — a more general term for beholding or observing. βλέπω (blepō, G991) — often refers to physical sight or spiritual perception. κατανοέω (katanoeō, G2657) — means to perceive thoroughly, notice attentively, with a strong sense of mental consideration.

Word Details

Scripture References