ἀντιμετρέω

I measure in return, give equivalent measure

Definition

The verb ἀντιμετρέω means to measure something back in return, specifically to give an equivalent measure in response to what one has received. It carries the sense of reciprocal action, where the measurement given matches the measurement taken. In the New Testament, this concept is applied metaphorically to divine and human judgment and generosity. In Matthew 7:2, it describes the principle of divine retribution in judgment: with the measure you use, it will be measured to you. In Luke 6:38, it is used positively in the context of generosity: give, and it will be given to you—a good measure, pressed down, shaken together, running over.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both times in the teachings of Jesus. It appears in a judicial context in Matthew 7:2, warning about the standard of judgment one applies to others being applied in return. In Luke 6:38, it is used in an exhortation about generous giving, promising that God will reciprocate with abundant measure. The pattern is one of reciprocal action, whether in negative judgment or positive blessing.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἀντί (anti, G473), meaning 'against, in return, equivalent to,' and the verb μετρέω (metreō, G3354), meaning 'to measure.' Thus, it literally means 'to measure back' or 'to measure in return.' The prefix ἀντί gives it a strong sense of correspondence or exchange.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it encapsulates the biblical principle of divine reciprocity, which underlies both justice and grace. It teaches that God's dealings with humanity are often responsive and proportional to human actions, a concept foundational to understanding judgment (Matthew 7:1-2) and blessing (Luke 6:38). Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the precise, measured nature of God's interactive relationship with people, moving beyond a vague notion of 'getting back what you give' to the idea of a specific, corresponding return.

In the ancient Mediterranean world, measuring grain or goods was a common marketplace activity. The image of a 'good measure, pressed down, shaken together, running over' (Luke 6:38) would resonate with an agrarian society familiar with receiving grain measured into the fold of one's garment. It vividly communicates God's extravagant generosity, exceeding the standard, careful measurement implied by the verb's root.

μετρέω (metreō, G3354) — The root verb meaning simply 'to measure,' without the inherent sense of reciprocal return. ἀποδίδωμι (apodidōmi, G591) — A broader term meaning 'to give back, repay, or restore,' often used for recompense or fulfilling an obligation, but not specifically tied to the imagery of measuring.

Word Details

Scripture References