ἀφόβως

fearlessly

Definition

The adverb ἀφόβως means 'without fear' or 'fearlessly,' describing a state of boldness and confidence that is free from anxiety or intimidation. In a positive sense, it denotes the spiritual security and peace believers have to serve God (Luke 1:74) and to proclaim the gospel with courage (Philippians 1:14). In a negative sense, it can imply shameless audacity, as seen in Jude 1:12, where false teachers participate in Christian love feasts 'without fear,' meaning without reverence or moral restraint.

Biblical Usage

ἀφόβως is used four times in the New Testament, appearing in both Gospel and Epistle contexts. In Luke 1:74, it describes the redeemed serving God in holiness 'without fear,' emphasizing deliverance from enemies. In Philippians 1:14, it characterizes believers speaking the word of God 'fearlessly' due to Paul's imprisonment. In 1 Corinthians 16:10, Paul urges the church to receive Timothy without causing him fear, so he may minister 'without fear.' Conversely, Jude 1:12 uses it negatively for those who act with brazen irreverence.

Etymology

Derived from the alpha-privative ἀ- (meaning 'without' or 'not') combined with φόβος (phobos, G5401), the noun for 'fear' or 'terror.' It is a straightforward compound meaning 'without fear.' The root φόβος is common in Greek and gives us English words like 'phobia.'

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it captures a key outcome of salvation: freedom from fear. It connects to doctrines of redemption (Luke 1:74), Christian boldness in witness (Philippians 1:14), and the contrast between godly confidence and ungodly presumption (Jude 1:12). Understanding ἀφόβως enriches reading by highlighting that true fearlessness in the Bible is rooted in God's deliverance and should be distinguished from reckless or shameless behavior.

In the Greco-Roman world, fear (phobos) was a powerful social and religious motivator, often related to deities, authorities, or threats. Acting 'without fear' could be seen as either commendable courage or dangerous hubris, depending on the context. The New Testament usage reflects this duality, applying it to both virtuous boldness before God and reprehensible insolence.

παρρησία (parrēsia, G3954) — boldness or outspokenness, often in speech. θαρρέω (tharreō, G2292) — to be of good courage or confident. ἀδεῶς (adeōs, G121) — another adverb meaning 'fearlessly,' used in Acts 2:29.

Word Details

Scripture References