ἀποτίθημι

I lay off or aside, renounce

Definition

The verb ἀποτίθημι means 'to put off, lay aside, or renounce.' It often describes the deliberate act of discarding something, whether physical objects like garments (Acts 7:58) or, more significantly, metaphorical qualities and behaviors. In ethical and spiritual contexts, it signifies the believer's active rejection of sinful habits and old ways of life, as in putting off the 'old self' (Ephesians 4:22) or vices like anger and slander (Colossians 3:8). It also applies to laying aside every weight and sin in the race of faith (Hebrews 12:1) and to ridding oneself of moral filth (James 1:21).

Biblical Usage

ἀποτίθημι is used eight times in the New Testament, primarily in the epistles to describe ethical transformation. In Acts 7:58, it has a literal sense as witnesses lay aside their garments before stoning Stephen. All other uses are metaphorical, instructing believers to renounce sin and vice. Paul uses it in Romans 13:12 ('put off the works of darkness'), Ephesians 4:22, 25, and Colossians 3:8. The pattern appears in Hebrews 12:1, James 1:21, and 1 Peter 2:1, emphasizing a decisive break with the past as part of Christian living.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἀπό (apo, meaning 'away from') and the verb τίθημι (tithēmi, meaning 'to put, place'). The compound thus literally means 'to put away from.' It shares a root with other 'putting' verbs, emphasizing separation or removal. The prefix ἀπό intensifies the sense of putting something off or aside.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it captures the active, decisive aspect of sanctification. It portrays the Christian life not as passive improvement but as a deliberate renunciation of the old, sinful nature (Ephesians 4:22) and its deeds (Romans 13:12). Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by highlighting the believer's responsibility to 'put off' hindrances (Hebrews 12:1) and corrupt communication (Ephesians 4:25), framing holiness as a conscious act of obedience and separation.

In the Greco-Roman world, the act of 'laying aside' garments was a common preparation for physical activity or ritual, providing a vivid cultural metaphor for spiritual readiness. The term's use for discarding old clothing would resonate immediately with ancient readers, making the call to moral renunciation concrete and actionable.

ἐκδύω (ekduō, G1562) — to strip off, often more forceful or complete removal; ἀφίημι (aphiēmi, G863) — to send away, forgive, leave behind, with a broader range including pardon; ἀποβάλλω (apoballō, G577) — to throw off, cast away, implying more violent rejection.

Word Details

Scripture References