ἀσθένημα

weakness, infirmity

Definition

ἀσθένημα refers to a state of weakness, infirmity, or a specific failing. In its sole New Testament occurrence in Romans 15:1, it denotes the moral or spiritual weaknesses of conscience or faith that can hinder a believer. This encompasses not just physical frailty but specifically scruples, doubts, or vulnerabilities in understanding that cause someone to stumble. The term captures the idea of a point of susceptibility where a Christian, particularly one with less mature faith, is liable to fall or be burdened.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Romans 15:1. Here, Paul instructs those who are 'strong' in faith to bear with the 'failings' (ἀσθένηματα) of the weak. The context is the debate over disputable matters like food laws and holy days from Romans 14. Its usage is specific to describing the conscientious vulnerabilities of fellow believers within the Christian community, urging the strong toward patience and support rather than judgment.

Etymology

Derived from the adjective ἀσθενής (asthenēs, G772), meaning 'weak, sick, powerless.' The noun form ἀσθένημα is built on this root with the suffix '-μα,' indicating the concrete result or state of being weak. It shares this root with other words for weakness and sickness, emphasizing a lack of inherent strength or power.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant for understanding Christian community and discipleship. It highlights that the church comprises people at different stages of spiritual maturity and conviction. The command to 'bear with' these weaknesses (Romans 15:1) is a practical application of Christ-like love and humility, modeling how the strong should use their liberty to serve, not to scorn. It enriches reading by showing that biblical 'weakness' often pertains to conscience and faith, not just physical condition.

In the first-century Roman context, the 'weaknesses' addressed often involved Jewish Christians whose consciences were bound by Mosaic law concerning clean/unclean food and sacred days (Romans 14:1-6). For them, violating these was a serious sin. The 'strong' were typically Gentile believers who saw these laws as obsolete in Christ. Understanding this cultural-religious tension is key to seeing why these scruples were labeled 'weaknesses' and why bearing with them was essential for unity.

ἀσθένεια (astheneia, G769) — A more general term for weakness, often physical sickness or frailty, but also used for spiritual limitation. ἀσθένημα is a specific instance or manifestation of ἀσθένεια.

Word Details

Scripture References