χαρίζομαι

I show favor to, forgive

Definition

The verb χαρίζομαι (charizomai) fundamentally means to give freely as a favor, to grant, or to show kindness. In the New Testament, it most often carries the specific sense of 'to forgive' or 'to pardon' a debt or offense, as seen in Luke 7:42-43 where a creditor graciously cancels debts. It also denotes the gracious act of granting something beneficial, such as healing (Luke 7:21) or deliverance (Acts 27:24). In its most profound theological use, it describes God graciously giving His own Son for humanity (Romans 8:32).

Biblical Usage

This verb is used 19 times across Luke-Acts and the Pauline epistles, reflecting a strong connection to themes of grace and forgiveness. In Luke's Gospel, it appears in parables and narratives about forgiveness (Luke 7:42-43) and healing. In Acts, it describes both judicial acts of release (Acts 3:14; 25:11, 16) and divine deliverance. Paul uses it to articulate the core of the gospel: God's gracious gift of Christ (Romans 8:32, Galatians 3:18) and the forgiveness of sins (Colossians 2:13, 3:13).

Etymology

Derived from the noun χάρις (charis, G5485), meaning 'grace, favor, or kindness.' The verb χαρίζομαι is a middle/passive form meaning 'to do something as a favor,' 'to grant graciously,' or 'to give freely.' Its meaning is intrinsically tied to the concept of grace, emphasizing a gift given not out of obligation but from a generous disposition.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically central as it directly links God's character of grace (χάρις) with His actions. It shows that forgiveness is not merely a legal transaction but a gracious gift. In Romans 8:32, it underscores the gospel's heart: God 'graciously gives' His Son, the ultimate act of favor. Understanding this term enriches reading by highlighting that every act of divine pardon or gift is an expression of God's foundational grace, not human merit.

In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of granting a favor (charizesthai) was embedded in social reciprocity and patronage systems. A favor created an obligation for a return gift or loyalty. The New Testament usage, especially in divine contexts, transforms this: God's gracious gifts, particularly forgiveness in Christ, are given freely, shattering the cycle of obligation and establishing a relationship based on grace alone.

ἀφίημι (aphiēmi, G863) — more general 'to send away, release, forgive,' often for sins. ἀπολύω (apolyō, G630) — 'to release, set free,' often in legal or physical contexts. συγχωρέω (synchōreō, G5483) — 'to concede, pardon,' but used only once in the NT (2 Cor. 12:6).

Word Details

Scripture References