δακρύω

I shed tears, week

Definition

The verb δακρύω means 'to shed tears' or 'to weep.' It describes the physical act of crying, often expressing deep emotional distress, grief, or profound sorrow. In its single New Testament occurrence in John 11:35, it specifically denotes Jesus weeping at the tomb of Lazarus, conveying a sense of personal grief and empathy. While closely related to general words for mourning, its focus is on the visible, tearful expression of inner feeling.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in John 11:35 ('Jesus wept'). It appears in the narrative of Lazarus's death, capturing a moment of intense, personal emotion from Jesus amidst a scene of public mourning. The context highlights genuine human sorrow and compassion in the face of death, preceding the miraculous resurrection.

Etymology

Derived from the noun δάκρυον (dakryon, G1144), meaning 'a tear.' It is a primary verb formed directly from this root, literally meaning 'to produce tears' or 'to tear up.' Cognates appear across ancient Greek literature, consistently relating to the act of weeping.

Semantic Range

Though used only once, this word is theologically significant as it describes the emotional response of Jesus, the incarnate Son of God. It affirms Christ's full humanity and His deep empathy with human suffering and grief (Hebrews 4:15). His tears at Lazarus's tomb, even while knowing He would raise him, demonstrate that grief and hope can coexist and that God enters into our sorrow. Understanding this specific word enriches reading by highlighting the profound emotional reality of the incarnation.

In the ancient Mediterranean world, weeping, especially in mourning, was often a demonstrative and communal act. Jesus's quiet tears in John 11:35 contrast with the loud wailing (κλαίω) of the mourners present, possibly indicating a more personal, contained grief. This distinction might reflect a difference between formal, outward lamentation and inward, genuine sorrow.

κλαίω (klaiō, G2799) — a more general term for weeping, wailing, or lamenting, often louder and more demonstrative (e.g., Matthew 2:18). πενθέω (pentheō, G3996) — to mourn or grieve, often implying a longer process of sorrow, sometimes with an element of repentance (e.g., Matthew 5:4).

Word Details

Scripture References