διαπονέομαι

I am greatly troubled

Definition

The verb διαπονέομαι means to be deeply troubled, greatly annoyed, or thoroughly vexed. It describes an intense emotional disturbance, often in response to a perceived provocation or offense. In Acts 4:2, the Sadducees are 'greatly troubled' because the apostles are teaching about Jesus' resurrection, which contradicted their beliefs. In Acts 16:18, Paul becomes 'greatly annoyed' by the spirit of divination in a slave girl, leading him to command it to leave.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both in the Book of Acts. It consistently describes a strong, negative emotional reaction to a specific external stimulus. In Acts 4:2, it is the religious leaders' reaction to apostolic teaching. In Acts 16:18, it is Paul's reaction to demonic harassment. The usage highlights conflict between the gospel message and opposing spiritual forces.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition διά (dia), meaning 'through' or 'thoroughly,' combined with the verb πονέομαι (poneomai), which means 'to labor, be troubled, or be distressed.' The compound form intensifies the root meaning, signifying a thorough or deep-seated trouble or annoyance.

Semantic Range

This word highlights the spiritual conflict inherent in the spread of the gospel. The 'great trouble' it describes arises when God's truth confronts false teaching (Acts 4:2) or demonic activity (Acts 16:18). Understanding this intensity underscores that the early church's growth was not peaceful but met with significant agitation from both human and spiritual opposition, reflecting the serious battle for truth.

In a Greco-Roman context where public teaching and spiritual phenomena were common, strong reactions to provocative ideas or supernatural claims were expected. The term's intensity would resonate with an audience familiar with philosophical disputes and diverse religious practices, where being 'thoroughly vexed' signaled a serious breach of one's core convictions or peace.

λυπέω (lypeō, G3076) — generally means to grieve or cause sorrow, often from personal loss, while διαπονέομαι implies agitation from external provocation. ταράσσω (tarassō, G5015) — means to stir up or trouble, frequently used for inner turmoil or fear, whereas διαπονέομαι often carries a sense of annoyance or vexation.

Word Details

Scripture References