ἐγκοπή

an impediment, hindrance

Definition

ἐγκοπή is a noun meaning 'a cutting into' or 'an incision,' derived from its literal sense of creating a break or interruption in a physical object. In its metaphorical sense, which is the only way it appears in the New Testament, it signifies a 'hindrance,' 'obstacle,' or 'impediment' that blocks progress or activity. This figurative usage describes something that cuts into or disrupts a course of action. The sole biblical occurrence is in 1 Corinthians 9:12, where Paul speaks of not putting an 'obstacle' (ἐγκοπή) in the way of the gospel.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in 1 Corinthians 9:12. Here, the Apostle Paul defends his right to financial support from the Corinthian church but explains he has not used this right so as not to create any 'hindrance' (ἐγκοπή) to the gospel of Christ. The context is Paul's missionary strategy and his concern that claiming his rightful support might somehow obstruct or provide a pretext for criticism that would impede the spread of the gospel message.

Etymology

Derived from the verb ἐγκόπτω (egkoptō), which means 'to cut into,' 'to hinder,' or 'to thwart.' It is a compound word from ἐν (en, 'in') and κόπτω (koptō, 'to cut' or 'to strike'). The literal meaning of 'a cutting' evolved into the metaphorical sense of an 'interruption' or 'hindrance,' as something that cuts into a process or journey.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it highlights a core principle of Christian ministry and personal sacrifice for the sake of the gospel. In 1 Corinthians 9:12, Paul demonstrates that ministerial rights are willingly set aside to avoid any obstacle to evangelism. It underscores the priority of the gospel's advancement over personal entitlement and serves as a model for self-denial and strategic wisdom in mission.

In the ancient Greco-Roman world, the concept of a 'hindrance' or 'impediment' (ἐγκοπή) could be understood in various contexts, such as a physical roadblock on a journey, a legal obstruction, or a tactical setback in military or athletic endeavors. Paul's use of this term would have resonated with readers familiar with these images of something that actively cuts off or disrupts forward motion.

σκάνδαλον (skandalon, G4625) — a 'stumbling block' or 'trap' that causes offense and leads to sin, whereas ἐγκοπή is a more general hindrance or impediment to progress. πρόσκομμα (proskomma, G4348) — similar to σκάνδαλον, a 'stumbling block' or 'obstacle' one trips over, often with a moral or spiritual connotation.

Word Details

Scripture References