εἰλικρινής

pure, uncontaminated, sincere

Definition

The Greek word εἰλικρινής describes something that is pure, unmixed, or sincere. Its core meaning is freedom from any foreign substance or hidden impurity, suggesting a state of being unadulterated. In Philippians 1:10, it characterizes the quality of moral purity and sincerity that believers should aim for, being 'sincere and without offense.' In 2 Peter 3:1, it modifies the 'pure mind' that the apostle seeks to stir up, indicating a mind uncontaminated by false teaching or hypocrisy. Thus, it conveys both ethical purity and genuine, undivided intention.

Biblical Usage

This adjective is used only twice in the New Testament, both in epistles addressing Christian conduct and doctrine. In Philippians 1:10, Paul prays that the Philippians' love may abound so they can approve what is excellent and be 'sincere' (εἰλικρινής) at Christ's return, linking it to ethical discernment. In 2 Peter 3:1, Peter refers to stirring up the readers' 'pure mind' (εἰλικρινῆ διάνοιαν) by way of reminder, connecting it to maintaining sound, uncorrupted understanding amid false teachings. Both uses emphasize an internal, moral quality essential for faithful living.

Etymology

The etymology of εἰλικρινής is debated but is often thought to derive from εἵλη (heile, meaning 'sun's heat' or 'light') and κρίνω (krinō, meaning 'to judge'). Thus, it may originally have meant 'judged by sunlight,' referring to something examined and found pure, like a transparent substance held up to the light. This imagery evolved to signify moral and spiritual purity—something unmixed, genuine, and free from hidden flaws.

Semantic Range

Εἰλικρινής is theologically significant as it describes the quality of heart and mind God desires in believers. It relates to doctrines of sanctification, sincerity in faith, and spiritual integrity. Understanding this Greek term enriches Bible reading by highlighting that Christian purity is not merely external compliance but an internal, transparent genuineness before God, tested and revealed in the light of Christ's truth and judgment.

In ancient Greek culture, the concept of being 'judged by sunlight' (a possible root meaning) was a practical test for purity, such as examining wine or fabric for impurities. This cultural metaphor for transparency and unmixed quality informed the New Testament usage, where it conveys a spiritual and moral standard of being free from hypocrisy or hidden sin, a value highly emphasized in early Christian communities striving for authentic faith.

καθαρός (katharos, G2513) — focuses on ritual or moral cleanness, often 'clean' or 'pure' from defilement. ἄδολος (adolos, G97) — means 'guileless' or 'without deceit,' emphasizing honesty in intent.

Word Details

Scripture References