εἰρηνεύω

I am peaceful, keep the peace, am at peace

Definition

Eirēneyō is a verb meaning 'to be at peace,' 'to keep peace,' or 'to live peaceably.' It describes an active, ongoing state of harmony and the deliberate effort to maintain it. In Romans 12:18, it carries the sense of taking initiative to 'live peaceably with all,' implying a personal responsibility in relational harmony. In 2 Corinthians 13:11 and 1 Thessalonians 5:13, it functions as an exhortation for a community to 'be at peace' or 'live in peace' among themselves, focusing on internal unity within the church body.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used exclusively in epistolary exhortations within Paul's letters. It appears three times, each in a hortatory context urging believers toward peaceful coexistence. In Romans 12:18, it is directed toward individual conduct with 'all' people. In 2 Corinthians 13:11 and 1 Thessalonians 5:13, the focus shifts to the internal peace of the Christian community, addressed as a corporate command ('be at peace,' 'live in peace among yourselves').

Etymology

Derived from the noun eirēnē (G1515), meaning 'peace.' The verb form eirēneyō literally means 'to peace' or 'to do peace,' transforming the abstract concept into an actionable state or practice. It shares its root with the common New Testament greeting and blessing of peace.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it translates the biblical concept of shalom—a holistic peace involving right relationships—into active, communal living. It underscores that peace is not merely the absence of conflict but a positive, cultivated state for which believers are responsible. Understanding this verb enriches reading by highlighting the New Testament's emphasis on peace as a practical command central to Christian ethics and church health, flowing from the gospel of peace with God (Romans 5:1).

In the Greco-Roman world, 'peace' (eirēnē/pax) often referred to political stability and the absence of war. The New Testament usage, deeply influenced by the Hebrew concept of shalom, expands this to encompass relational wholeness, harmony, and well-being within the covenant community, which was a counter-cultural value.

eirēnē (G1515) — The noun 'peace,' the state or concept from which the action flows. | eirēnopoieō (G1517) — 'to make peace,' focusing more on the act of reconciling parties (Colossians 1:20).

Word Details

Scripture References