ἐκδαπανάω

I spend completely

Definition

The verb ἐκδαπανάω means to spend or expend something completely, to the point of exhaustion or depletion. It carries the sense of giving out all of one's resources, not merely a portion. In its single New Testament occurrence, it describes a willingness to be utterly spent for the sake of others. The prefix ἐκ- intensifies the root verb, emphasizing the total and exhaustive nature of the expenditure.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in 2 Corinthians 12:15. Here, the Apostle Paul writes, 'I will most gladly spend and be spent for your souls.' The context is Paul's defense of his apostolic ministry and his deep, sacrificial love for the Corinthian church, even amidst their criticism. The word powerfully conveys his readiness to exhaust himself—physically, emotionally, and materially—for their spiritual benefit.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek, meaning 'out of' or 'completely') compounded with the verb δαπανάω (dapanaō, G1159, 'to spend, to expend'). The compound form intensifies the base meaning, shifting from simply 'to spend' to 'to spend out entirely.' The root δαπανάω relates to consumption or cost, often of financial resources.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it encapsulates the principle of Christ-like, self-sacrificial love and service within Christian ministry. Paul uses it to model an apostolic mindset that mirrors Jesus's own self-giving (Philippians 2:17). It enriches the reading of 2 Corinthians by highlighting that genuine spiritual leadership is not about power but about pouring oneself out for the good of others, reflecting the gospel's core ethic of sacrificial love.

In the Greco-Roman world, patronage and financial expenditure were often tied to social reciprocity and honor. Paul's use of this term subverts that expectation; he speaks of spending himself completely without any expectation of return or honor from the Corinthians. His 'expenditure' is for their souls, a spiritual benefit, which contrasts with the cultural norm of spending to gain social or political capital.

δαπανάω (dapanaō, G1159) — The root verb meaning simply 'to spend' or 'consume,' without the intensive sense of complete exhaustion. προσαναλίσκω (prosanaliskō, G4321) — To spend besides or in addition, also implying consumption, but with a focus on what is added. ἀναλίσκω (analiskō, G355) — To expend, consume, or destroy; a more general term for using up.

Word Details

Scripture References