ἐκταράσσω

I disturb greatly

Definition

ἐκταράσσω means to disturb, agitate, or throw into great confusion. It intensifies the action of its root verb, indicating a severe or extreme disturbance, often of public order or social stability. In its single New Testament occurrence in Acts 16:20, it describes the accusation against Paul and Silas for 'throwing the city into an uproar'—a charge of causing major civic turmoil. The prefix ἐκ- (ek) emphasizes the thoroughness or outward, public nature of the disturbance.

Biblical Usage

This verb is used only once in the New Testament, in Acts 16:20. It appears in a legal and civic context, where the magistrates of Philippi are presented with a formal accusation against Paul and Silas. The city leaders claim the apostles are 'throwing our city into confusion' (ἐκταράσσουσιν ἡμῶν τὴν πόλιν), framing their preaching as a threat to public peace and Roman order. This usage highlights a severe, public disturbance, not merely a personal agitation.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'thoroughly,' combined with the verb ταράσσω (tarassō, G5015), which means 'to stir up, trouble, or disturb.' The compound ἐκταράσσω thus intensifies the root meaning to signify causing a major, outward disturbance or uproar. Cognates like ταραχή (tarachē, G5017, 'tumult') share this root sense of agitation.

Semantic Range

While used only once, this word is theologically significant as it captures the world's hostile reaction to the gospel's disruptive power. The accusation in Acts 16:20 shows how the message of Christ, which brings true peace, is often perceived by earthly authorities as a threat to social and political stability. Understanding this term enriches reading by highlighting the conflict between the kingdom of God and human systems that feel 'greatly disturbed' by its advance.

In the Roman world of the first century, maintaining public order (the Pax Romana) was paramount. Accusations of 'throwing the city into confusion' were serious charges, often leveled against those seen as instigators of riot or sedition. The use of ἐκταράσσω in Acts 16:20 deliberately employs this charged legal and political language to frame the Christian mission as a civic danger, appealing to the magistrates' duty to preserve peace.

ταράσσω (tarassō, G5015) — the root verb, meaning to disturb or trouble, often internally or personally (e.g., John 14:1, 'Let not your hearts be troubled'). σαλεύω (saleuō, G4531) — to shake, agitate, or overthrow, often physically or metaphorically (e.g., Hebrews 12:27). θορυβέω (thorubeō, G2350) — to make a noise, cause a tumult or uproar (e.g., Acts 17:5).

Word Details

Scripture References