ἐκτρέπω

I turn aside, wander, forsake

Definition

The verb ἐκτρέπω literally means 'to turn out from' or 'to turn aside.' In its New Testament usage, it primarily carries a metaphorical sense of deviating from a correct path or standard. In 1 Timothy 1:6 and 5:15, it describes turning aside from sound teaching or godly living, resulting in spiritual wandering. In 1 Timothy 6:20 and 2 Timothy 4:4, it refers to actively avoiding or shunning false doctrines and myths. The single literal use in Hebrews 12:13 warns against letting a 'lame' foot be 'turned out of the way,' creating a physical metaphor for spiritual stumbling.

Biblical Usage

ἐκτρέπω is used exclusively in the Pastoral Epistles (1 & 2 Timothy) and Hebrews. In the Pastorals, its usage is uniformly negative and theological, describing a departure from apostolic truth and godliness (1 Tim. 1:6, 5:15, 6:20; 2 Tim. 4:4). The pattern shows it is a deliberate action with serious spiritual consequences. In Hebrews 12:13, it is used in a proverbial, physical sense within an exhortation to pursue holiness and peace.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek, 'out of') and the verb τρέπω (trepō, 'to turn'). The compound form intensifies the idea of a definitive turning away or deviation from a point of origin. The root τρέπω is related to concepts of change and direction.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it defines the nature of doctrinal and moral error. It portrays heresy and sin not as innocent exploration but as a conscious turning aside from a known, God-given standard (the 'sound words' of 1 Tim. 6:3). It underscores the active responsibility of believers to guard the truth (1 Tim. 6:20) and persevere in it, contrasting with passive drifting. Understanding this Greek term highlights the intentionality behind apostasy and the call to steadfastness.

In a Greco-Roman context, the metaphor of a path or road was a common way to describe philosophy, ethics, and a way of life. To 'turn aside' from a philosophical school's teachings was a serious breach. This cultural understanding amplifies the biblical usage, where the 'way' is the truth of the gospel and the life of faith, making deviation a grave matter of allegiance and identity.

ἀποστρέφω (apostrephō, G654) — emphasizes a stronger, more definitive turning away or rejection. πλανάω (planaō, G4105) — focuses on the resulting state of being led astray or wandering in error.

Word Details

Scripture References