ἐκζητέω

I seek out, require

Definition

The verb ἐκζητέω means to seek out diligently, search for earnestly, or demand something. It often carries the sense of an intense, thorough search or a serious inquiry. In Romans 3:11, it describes humanity's failure to seek God, emphasizing a deep spiritual quest. In Hebrews 11:6, it characterizes the active, diligent seeking required of those who approach God in faith. Conversely, in Luke 11:50-51, it refers to God's righteous requirement for justice, where the blood of the prophets will be 'sought out' from this generation.

Biblical Usage

This verb appears in diverse contexts across the New Testament. In Luke 11:50-51, it is used in a judicial sense of demanding accountability. In Acts 15:17 (quoting Amos 9:12), it describes Gentiles seeking the Lord. Paul uses it in Romans 3:11 to highlight universal human sinfulness, while the author of Hebrews employs it positively for the faithful seeking of God (Hebrews 11:6) and negatively for Esau's failed search for repentance (Hebrews 12:17). 1 Peter 1:10 uses it for the prophets' diligent inquiry into salvation.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning 'out of' or 'thoroughly,' combined with the verb ζητέω (zēteō), meaning 'to seek' or 'to inquire.' The prefix intensifies the root, transforming a general search into a diligent, exhaustive, or demanding pursuit. Cognates include ζήτησις (zētēsis, 'inquiry') and ἐκζήτησις (ekzētēsis, 'a thorough search').

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it describes the nature of humanity's relationship with God. It underscores that God Himself is the ultimate object of the soul's most diligent search (Hebrews 11:6), while also revealing humanity's natural inability to seek Him apart from grace (Romans 3:11). It captures the dynamic of divine seeking and human response, enriching our understanding of faith as active pursuit and God's justice in requiring accountability.

In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of 'seeking' often had philosophical and religious connotations, referring to the pursuit of truth, wisdom, or divine favor. The intensified form (ἐκζητέω) would imply a more committed, persistent search than casual inquiry, aligning with serious philosophical investigation or a petitioner earnestly seeking a verdict or favor from a superior.

ζητέω (zēteō, G2212) — The root verb for 'seek,' generally without the intensive, thorough connotation. ἐπερωτάω (eperōtaō, G2065) — To ask or question, focusing more on inquiry than search. ἐπιζητέω (epizēteō, G1934) — To seek after, desire, or demand, with a nuance of craving or insisting.

Word Details

Scripture References