אֵלֶּה

these or those

Definition

אֵלֶּה is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'these' or 'those,' used to point out specific persons, things, or ideas that are near or have just been mentioned. It often introduces or summarizes lists, such as the generations in Genesis 2:4 and 6:9, or the genealogies and nations in Genesis 10. While its primary sense is straightforward, its usage can shift slightly based on context, sometimes emphasizing identity ('these are the ones') or serving as a connective particle to link narrative sections.

Biblical Usage

This word appears frequently throughout the Old Testament, especially in narrative and legal texts to specify items in a series or to refer back to previously mentioned subjects. It is common in Genesis for introducing genealogies (e.g., Genesis 10:1, 5) and in Exodus for detailing laws. A pattern is its use in phrases like 'these are the generations' or 'these are the words,' structuring biblical accounts. For example, it frames the Table of Nations in Genesis 10, marking distinct family lines.

Etymology

אֵלֶּה is derived from the shorter demonstrative אֵל (H411), which means 'these' or 'those,' through a common Hebrew prolongation. It shares a root with other demonstratives like אֵל (this) and הֵם (they), forming part of a family of words used for pointing and reference. Its development reflects a standard Semitic pattern for creating specific, plural demonstrative forms.

Semantic Range

As a common grammatical pointer, אֵלֶּה itself carries little direct theological weight. However, its frequent use in structuring key biblical passages—like genealogies that trace God's covenant promises or lists that define Israel's identity—highlights its role in clarifying and emphasizing divine revelation. Understanding it helps readers follow the text's flow and recognize how biblical authors organized sacred history.

In ancient Hebrew culture, demonstratives like אֵלֶּה were essential for oral and written communication to specify items without ambiguity, similar to modern usage. Its application in lists and genealogies reflects a cultural emphasis on lineage and precise record-keeping, which were vital for identity, inheritance, and covenant relationships within Israelite society.

הֵם (hēm, H1992) — a personal pronoun meaning 'they,' referring to people or things previously mentioned without the demonstrative force of pointing. זֶה (zeh, H2088) — a singular demonstrative meaning 'this,' used for nearby items, contrasting with the plural אֵלֶּה. הֵנָּה (hēnnāh, H2007) — a feminine plural demonstrative meaning 'these,' sometimes used interchangeably but less common.

Word Details

Scripture References