ἐμφανής

manifest, visible

Definition

The adjective ἐμφανής means 'manifest,' 'visible,' or 'clearly seen.' It describes something that is plainly evident or openly displayed, often implying a revelation or appearance that was previously hidden. In Acts 10:40, it refers to Jesus being 'shown' or 'made manifest' after His resurrection to chosen witnesses, emphasizing a visible, physical appearance. In Romans 10:20, quoting Isaiah 65:1, it describes God making Himself 'found' or 'manifest' to those who were not seeking Him, highlighting a spiritual revelation of His presence and grace.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only twice in the New Testament, both times in contexts of divine revelation. In Acts 10:40, it is used by Peter in his sermon to Cornelius, stressing the tangible, eyewitness proof of Jesus' resurrection. In Romans 10:20, Paul uses it to illustrate God's proactive grace in revealing Himself to the Gentiles. The pattern is theological, focusing on God's initiative in making Himself or His actions clearly known.

Etymology

Derived from the Greek ἐν (en, 'in') and φαίνω (phainō, 'to show' or 'to appear'), ἐμφανής literally means 'shining in' or 'appearing in.' It conveys the idea of something becoming visible or evident. Related words include ἐπιφάνεια (epiphaneia, G2015, 'appearance' or 'manifestation'), often used for Christ's glorious appearing.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it underscores the theme of divine revelation. In Acts 10:40, it affirms the historical reality of the resurrection, a cornerstone of Christian faith. In Romans 10:20, it highlights God's sovereign grace in revealing Himself to unbelievers, supporting doctrines of election and universal offer of salvation. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by emphasizing that God actively makes Himself known, both in historical events and personal experience.

In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of something being 'manifest' often carried legal or official connotations, such as evidence presented in court. The biblical usage adapts this to affirm the certainty and public nature of God's acts, countering any notion of secret mysteries known only to a few. It asserts that core truths of the faith are openly demonstrated.

φανερός (phaneros, G5318) — also means 'manifest' or 'visible,' but often with a focus on being plainly known or evident in character, while ἐμφανής can emphasize the act of appearing or being shown forth. ἐπιφάνεια (epiphaneia, G2015) — refers specifically to a glorious appearing or manifestation, often of divine beings.

Word Details

Scripture References