ἐντροπή

shame

Definition

ἐντροπή refers to a sense of shame or disgrace that leads to a turning away from improper behavior. It describes the internal feeling of dishonor that causes someone to reconsider their actions. In 1 Corinthians 6:5, Paul uses it to provoke a sense of shame in the Corinthian believers for taking disputes before secular courts, implying this feeling should lead them to correct their conduct. In 1 Corinthians 15:34, it is linked with a call to moral awakening—'Come to your right mind, and sin no more'—where the shame is meant to produce repentance and a return to godly living.

Biblical Usage

This word appears only twice in the New Testament, both in Paul's first letter to the Corinthians. In both instances, Paul employs it rhetorically to provoke self-reflection and behavioral change among believers. In 1 Corinthians 6:5, he says, 'I say this to your shame,' challenging their litigation practices. In 1 Corinthians 15:34, he declares, 'Wake up from your drunken stupor, as is right, and do not go on sinning; for some have no knowledge of God. I say this to your shame,' connecting shame to ignorance and ethical failure.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐν (en, meaning 'in') and the root τροπή (tropē, meaning 'a turning' or 'change'). The compound suggests a 'turning in upon oneself' due to a recognized fault. It is related to the verb ἐντρέπω (entrepo), meaning 'to turn in, to put to shame,' indicating its focus on an internal moral reversal prompted by disgrace.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it highlights the constructive role of shame in Christian ethics. Unlike mere guilt, ἐντροπή implies a God-given moral discomfort designed to lead believers to repentance and restoration. It underscores the New Testament theme that conviction should produce change, aligning with the biblical call to holiness. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by revealing how Paul uses shame not to condemn, but to pastorally redirect believers toward godly living.

In the Greco-Roman world, shame (αἰσχύνη/aischynē) often concerned public honor and social standing. Paul's use of ἐντροπή, however, internalizes this concept, focusing on a moral turning before God rather than mere social embarrassment. This reflects a distinctively Christian ethic where community accountability is rooted in one's relationship with God, not just peer pressure.

αἰσχύνη (aischynē, G152) — more general disgrace or dishonor, often external; καταισχύνω (kataischynō, G2617) — to put to shame, disgrace, or disappoint; ἐπαισχύνομαι (epaischynomai, G1870) — to be ashamed of something or someone.

Word Details

Scripture References