ἐπιχειρέω
I take in hand, attempt
Definition
The verb ἐπιχειρέω means to take something in hand, to attempt, or to undertake an action. It carries the sense of initiating an endeavor, often with a degree of effort or purpose. In Luke 1:1, it describes the act of compiling a narrative, implying a deliberate and orderly undertaking. In Acts 9:29 and 19:13, the meaning shifts slightly to denote an attempt or effort, specifically in the context of hostile argument or exorcism, where the subjects try but fail to achieve their goal.
Biblical Usage
This word is used only three times in the New Testament, all in Luke-Acts, showing its connection to Luke's literary style. In Luke 1:1, it is used positively for the orderly undertaking of writing an account. In Acts 9:29 and 19:13, it describes failed attempts: Hellenistic Jews in Jerusalem tried to argue with Paul, and the seven sons of Sceva tried to invoke Jesus' name in exorcism. The pattern suggests attempts that are either orderly undertakings or efforts that prove unsuccessful.
Etymology
Derived from ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'over') and the root related to χείρ (cheir, meaning 'hand'). Literally, it means 'to put one's hand upon,' hence 'to take in hand' or 'to attempt.' This compound vividly pictures physically grasping a task.
Semantic Range
While not a central theological term, its usage in Acts highlights human initiative contrasted with divine authority. In Acts 19:13, the failed exorcism attempt underscores that spiritual power comes from genuine faith and authority in Jesus, not from mere ritual or invocation. Understanding this Greek term enriches reading by emphasizing the futility of human effort without divine sanction in spiritual matters.
In the Greco-Roman world, 'taking in hand' a task implied responsibility and deliberate action. The attempt at exorcism in Acts 19 reflects common magical practices of the era, where invoking powerful names was believed to grant authority. The word's use captures this cultural context of undertaking ventures, whether literary, argumentative, or magical.
πειράζω (peirazō, G3985) — to test or try, often with a negative connotation of tempting. πράσσω (prassō, G4238) — to practice or accomplish, focusing on the doing rather than the initial attempt.
Word Details
How this works
Definitions are from the Dodson Greek-English Lexicon, a concise public-domain resource suitable for introductory word study. Brief glosses are supplemented by STEPBible TBESG data (CC BY 4.0). For advanced research, standard scholarly references include BDAG (Danker, 3rd ed.) and LSJ.
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