ἐπίνοια

thought, purpose

Definition

ἐπίνοια refers to a specific thought, purpose, or intention of the heart and mind. In its singular New Testament occurrence, it denotes a wicked or evil purpose, specifically the 'intent' or 'design' of Simon Magus's heart in Acts 8:22. The word can imply a deliberate plan or scheme, moving beyond a fleeting thought to a settled intention. While not used elsewhere in the New Testament, in broader Greek literature it could carry a neutral sense of a thought or concept, but the biblical context emphasizes its moral quality.

Biblical Usage

This word is used only once in the New Testament, in Acts 8:22. Peter confronts Simon the magician, telling him to repent of the 'wickedness' (τῆς κακίας) and to pray that the 'intent' (ἡ ἐπίνοια) of his heart might be forgiven. Here, ἐπίνοια is the specific, evil purpose behind Simon's offer to buy the Holy Spirit's power. Its usage is tied to a context of sin, repentance, and the inward motives of the heart.

Etymology

Derived from the preposition ἐπί (epi, meaning 'upon' or 'to') and the root -νοια (noia, from νοῦς, nous, meaning 'mind' or 'thought'). It literally means a thought 'upon' the mind—a conceived idea, plan, or purpose. It is a compound noun highlighting a directed, focused act of thinking that results in an intention.

Semantic Range

This word is theologically significant as it highlights God's concern with the internal motives and intentions of the heart, not merely outward actions. In Acts 8:22, sin is identified not just as the act (Simon's offer) but as the 'intent' or purpose behind it. This aligns with biblical teachings on repentance requiring a change of heart and mind (e.g., Matthew 5:28, Hebrews 4:12). Understanding ἐπίνοia enriches reading by emphasizing that God judges the purposes behind our thoughts and plans.

In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of inward intention was important in both philosophical ethics and legal contexts. The word could be used neutrally for a plan or concept. However, the New Testament's application in a moral and spiritual confrontation shows how early Christian teaching internalized ethical assessment, focusing on the heart's condition before God, which was a distinctive emphasis.

διάννοια (dianoia, G1271) — the general faculty of understanding or the mind. ἐπίνοια is a specific thought or purpose arising from it. / πρόθεσις (prothesis, G4286) — a purpose or plan, often with a sense of something set forth; can be more neutral or positive in context. / ἐνθύμησις (enthymēsis, G1761) — a thought, reflection, or consideration.

Word Details

Scripture References